A Biochemical View Of Head And Neck Cancers

"This book addresses major problem in the management of patients with cancer of the head and neck. The authors have written six chapters of particular importance for head and neck cancer diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Chapter 1 describes treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head. Chapter 2 presents treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the neck. Biochemical studies of head and neck cancer treatments are presented in Chaper 3. In chapter 4 biochemical studies of head and neck cancer biomarkers are presented. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exploits light interactions and photosensitizers to induce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) uses the phenomenon of photosensitizer emitting fluorescence to distinguish some tumors from normal tissue. PDT offers a therapeutic solution that has been found to be cost-effective compared to palliative major surgery or chemotherapy. However, despite the significant improvement noted in preclinical and clinical trials, PDT is still not considered the standard treatment option for head and neck cancer. Multiple photosensitizers have been studied and tumors have been treated in a variety of head and neck sites over the last 30 years. Photodynamic therapy is a palliative treatment option for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients which induces local inflammation and alters tumor cell morphology"--

This pocket book is an up-to-date guide to the diagnostic imaging of head and neck cancers. The focus is particularly on FDG PET/CT, with coverage of the basic principles, clinical indications, typical and atypical appearances, normal variations and artifacts, advantages, limitations, and pitfalls. Consideration is also given to emerging roles for PET/CT in head and neck cancer, including radiotherapy planning and treatment response monitoring, and to radiotracers beyond FDG. In addition, succinct information is provided on clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, pathology, management, and other diagnostic imaging techniques. A brief discourse on the practice of guideline adoption is included. The book is published within the Springer series Clinicians’ Guides to Radionuclide Hybrid Imaging (compiled under the auspices of the British Nuclear Medicine Society) and will be an excellent asset for clinicians, nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, radiographers, technologists, and nurses who work in the field of head and neck cancer.

Treatment tolerance is a challenge for most cancer patients, and it is therefore essential that healthcare professionals (HCP) are quick to recognize adverse events and implement management strategies to address them. This pocket book provides an in-depth guide to the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of oral mucositis, a common adverse event of chemotherapy.

Research on the factors that determine the course and prognosis of head and neck cancers has now reached the stage where a synoptic review is in order, to draw together those aspects that are of most importance for patient management. Oncologists and Otolaryngology / Head and Neck Surgeons alike will benefit greatly from this distillation of the clinically relevant aspects of the subject.

-Richly illustrated; 109 illustrations, 57 in color -Cover a wide range of diagnostic and theraputic techniques, i.e. MRI, PET, surgical treatment, radiation therapy

A working group of sixteen experts from seven countries re-evaluated the evidence of the carcinogenicity of betel-quid and areca-nut chewing and some areca-nut related nitrosamines. Betel-quid and areca-nut chewing are widely practised in many parts of Asia and in Asian-migrant communities elsewhere in the world. There are hundreds of millions of users worldwide. They evaluated betel quid with tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx and oesophagus. The working group reviewed epidemiological studies of human cancer, mainly studies from India, Pakistan and Taiwan (China). Studies on betel quid with tobacco and areca nut with tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. The working group also evaluated betel quid without tobacco as carcinogenic to humans (Group 1), on the basis of sufficient evidence of an increased risk of oral cancer. Studies on betel quid without tobacco and areca nut without tobacco in experimental animals now also provide sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity. Areca nut, a common ingredient of betel quid and many different chewing preparations, including those available commercially, has been observed to cause oral submucous fibrosis

This report considers the biological and behavioral mechanisms that may underlie the pathogenicity of tobacco smoke. Many Surgeon General's reports have considered research findings on mechanisms in assessing the biological plausibility of associations observed in epidemiologic studies. Mechanisms of disease are important because they may provide plausibility, which is one of the guideline criteria for assessing evidence on causation. This report specifically reviews the evidence on the potential mechanisms by which smoking causes diseases and considers whether a mechanism is likely to be operative in the production of human disease by tobacco smoke. This evidence is relevant to understanding how smoking causes disease, to identifying those who may be particularly susceptible, and to assessing the potential risks of tobacco products.

This book includes more clinical aspects and concentrates on cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa rather than attempting to cover all benign and malignant tumours of the oral and oropharyngeal tissue. One main emphasis is the significance of the clinical features of the various lesions discussed. Attention is also drawn to those conditions particular to the oral mucosa that may give rise to appearances which are important in differential diagnoses but can be misleading to those who do not have detailed knowledge of the tissue involved. The TNM-classification for malignant tumours of the lip and oral cavity is also included.