An Event Driven Parallel Processing Subsystem for Energy Efficient Mobile Medical Instrumentation

An Event Driven Parallel Processing Subsystem for Energy Efficient Mobile Medical Instrumentation
Author: Florian Stefan Glaser
Publsiher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 216
Release: 2022-12-02
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9783866287778

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Aging population and the thereby ever-rising cost of health services call for novel and innovative solutions for providing medical care and services. So far, medical care is primarily provided in the form of time-consuming in-person appointments with trained personnel and expensive, stationary instrumentation equipment. As for many current and past challenges, the advances in microelectronics are a crucial enabler and offer a plethora of opportunities. With key building blocks such as sensing, processing, and communication systems and circuits getting smaller, cheaper, and more energy-efficient, personal and wearable or even implantable point-of-care devices with medicalgrade instrumentation capabilities become feasible. Device size and battery lifetime are paramount for the realization of such devices. Besides integrating the required functionality into as few individual microelectronic components as possible, the energy efficiency of such is crucial to reduce battery size, usually being the dominant contributor to overall device size. In this thesis, we present two major contributions to achieve the discussed goals in the context of miniaturized medical instrumentation: First, we present a synchronization solution for embedded, parallel near-threshold computing (NTC), a promising concept for enabling the required processing capabilities with an energy efficiency that is suitable for highly mobile devices with very limited battery capacity. Our proposed solution aims at increasing energy efficiency and performance for parallel NTC clusters by maximizing the effective utilization of the available cores under parallel workloads. We describe a hardware unit that enables fine-grain parallelization by greatly optimizing and accelerating core-to-core synchronization and communication and analyze the impact of those mechanisms on the overall performance and energy efficiency of an eight-core cluster. With a range of digital signal processing (DSP) applications typical for the targeted systems, the proposed hardware unit improves performance by up to 92% and 23% on average and energy efficiency by up to 98% and 39% on average. In the second part, we present a MCU processing and control subsystem (MPCS) for the integration into VivoSoC, a highly versatile single-chip solution for mobile medical instrumentation. In addition to the MPCS, it includes a multitude of analog front-ends (AFEs) and a multi-channel power management IC (PMIC) for voltage conversion. ...

Fighting Back the Von Neumann Bottleneck with Small and Large Scale Vector Microprocessors

Fighting Back the Von Neumann Bottleneck with Small  and Large Scale Vector Microprocessors
Author: Matheus Cavalcante
Publsiher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 224
Release: 2023-08-24
Genre: Electronic Book
ISBN: 9783866288010

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In his seminal Turing Award Lecture, Backus discussed the issues stemming from the word-at-a-time style of programming inherited from the von Neumann computer. More than forty years later, computer architects must be creative to amortize the von Neumann Bottleneck (VNB) associated with fetching and decoding instructions which only keep the datapath busy for a very short period of time. In particular, vector processors promise to be one of the most efficient architectures to tackle the VNB, by amortizing the energy overhead of instruction fetching and decoding over several chunks of data. This work explores vector processing as an option to build small and efficient processing elements for large-scale clusters of cores sharing access to tightly-coupled L1 memory

Energy Efficient Distributed Computing Systems

Energy Efficient Distributed Computing Systems
Author: Albert Y. Zomaya,Young Choon Lee
Publsiher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 856
Release: 2012-07-26
Genre: Computers
ISBN: 9781118342008

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The energy consumption issue in distributed computing systemsraises various monetary, environmental and system performanceconcerns. Electricity consumption in the US doubled from 2000to 2005. From a financial and environmental standpoint,reducing the consumption of electricity is important, yet thesereforms must not lead to performance degradation of the computingsystems. These contradicting constraints create a suite ofcomplex problems that need to be resolved in order to lead to'greener' distributed computing systems. This book bringstogether a group of outstanding researchers that investigate thedifferent facets of green and energy efficient distributedcomputing. Key features: One of the first books of its kind Features latest research findings on emerging topics bywell-known scientists Valuable research for grad students, postdocs, andresearchers Research will greatly feed into other technologies andapplication domains

Event Based Neuromorphic Systems

Event Based Neuromorphic Systems
Author: Shih-Chii Liu,Tobi Delbruck,Giacomo Indiveri,Adrian Whatley,Rodney Douglas
Publsiher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 440
Release: 2015-02-16
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780470018491

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Neuromorphic electronic engineering takes its inspiration from the functioning of nervous systems to build more power efficient electronic sensors and processors. Event-based neuromorphic systems are inspired by the brain's efficient data-driven communication design, which is key to its quick responses and remarkable capabilities. This cross-disciplinary text establishes how circuit building blocks are combined in architectures to construct complete systems. These include vision and auditory sensors as well as neuronal processing and learning circuits that implement models of nervous systems. Techniques for building multi-chip scalable systems are considered throughout the book, including methods for dealing with transistor mismatch, extensive discussions of communication and interfacing, and making systems that operate in the real world. The book also provides historical context that helps relate the architectures and circuits to each other and that guides readers to the extensive literature. Chapters are written by founding experts and have been extensively edited for overall coherence. This pioneering text is an indispensable resource for practicing neuromorphic electronic engineers, advanced electrical engineering and computer science students and researchers interested in neuromorphic systems. Key features: Summarises the latest design approaches, applications, and future challenges in the field of neuromorphic engineering. Presents examples of practical applications of neuromorphic design principles. Covers address-event communication, retinas, cochleas, locomotion, learning theory, neurons, synapses, floating gate circuits, hardware and software infrastructure, algorithms, and future challenges.

ICT Energy Concepts for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability

ICT   Energy Concepts for Energy Efficiency and Sustainability
Author: Giorgos Fagas,Luca Gammaitoni,John P. Gallagher,Douglas Paul
Publsiher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 252
Release: 2017-03-22
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9789535130116

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In a previous volume (ICT-Energy-Concepts Towards Zero-Power ICT; referenced below as Vol. 1), we addressed some of the fundamentals related to bridging the gap between the amount of energy required to operate portable/mobile ICT systems and the amount of energy available from ambient sources. The only viable solution appears to be to attack the gap from both sides, i.e. to reduce the amount of energy dissipated during computation and to improve the efficiency in energy-harvesting technologies. In this book, we build on those concepts and continue the discussion on energy efficiency and sustainability by addressing the minimisation of energy consumption at different levels across the ICT system stack, from hardware to software, as well as discussing energy consumption issues in high-performance computing (HPC), data centres and communication in sensor networks. This book was realised thanks to the contribution of the project ‘Coordinating Research Efforts of the ICT-Energy Community’ funded from the European Union under the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) area of the Seventh Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (grant agreement n. 611004).

Modernism s Metronome

Modernism s Metronome
Author: Ben Glaser
Publsiher: JHU Press
Total Pages: 303
Release: 2020-11-03
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 9781421439532

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Despite meter's recasting as a rigid metronome, diverse modern poet-critics refused the formal ideologies of free verse through complex engagements with traditional versification. In the twentieth century, meter became an object of disdain, reimagined as an automated metronome to be transcended by new rhythmic practices of free verse. Yet meter remained in the archives, poems, letters, and pedagogy of modern poets and critics. In Modernism's Metronome, Ben Glaser revisits early twentieth-century poetics to uncover a wide range of metrical practice and theory, upending our inherited story about the "breaking" of meter and rise of free verse.

New Perspectives on James Weldon Johnson s The Autobiography of an Ex Colored Man

New Perspectives on James Weldon Johnson s  The Autobiography of an Ex Colored Man
Author: Noelle Morrissette
Publsiher: University of Georgia Press
Total Pages: 260
Release: 2017-07-15
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9780820350967

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James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) exemplified the ideal of the American public intellectual as a writer, educator, songwriter, diplomat, key figure of the Harlem Renaissance, and first African American executive of the NAACP. Originally published anonymously in 1912, Johnson’s novel The Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man is considered one of the foundational works of twentieth-century African American literature, and its themes and forms have been taken up by other writers, from Ralph Ellison to Teju Cole. Johnson’s novel provocatively engages with political and cultural strains still prevalent in American discourse today, and it remains in print over a century after its initial publication. New Perspectives contains fresh essays that analyze the book’s reverberations, the contexts within which it was created and received, the aesthetic and intellectual developments of its author, and its continuing influence on American literature and global culture. Contributors: Bruce Barnhart, Lori Brooks, Ben Glaser, Jeff Karem, Daphne Lamothe, Noelle Morrissette, Michael Nowlin, Lawrence J. Oliver, Diana Paulin, Amritjit Singh, Robert B. Stepto

Critical Rhythm

Critical Rhythm
Author: Ben Glaser,Jonathan Culler
Publsiher: Fordham Univ Press
Total Pages: 288
Release: 2019-01-08
Genre: Literary Criticism
ISBN: 9780823282050

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This book shows how rhythm constitutes an untapped resource for understanding poetry. Intervening in recent debates over formalism, historicism, and poetics, the authors show how rhythm is at once a defamiliarizing aesthetic force and an unstable concept. Distinct from the related terms to which it’s often assimilated—scansion, prosody, meter—rhythm makes legible a range of ways poetry affects us that cannot be parsed through the traditional resources of poetic theory. Rhythm has rich but also problematic roots in still-lingering nineteenth-century notions of primitive, oral, communal, and sometimes racialized poetics. But there are reasons to understand and even embrace its seductions, including its resistance to lyrical voice and even identity. Through exploration of rhythm’s genealogies and present critical debates, the essays consistently warn against taking rhythm to be a given form offering ready-made resources for interpretation. Pressing beyond poetry handbooks’ isolated descriptions of technique or inductive declarations of what rhythm “is,” the essays ask what it means to think rhythm. Rhythm, the contributors show, happens relative to the body, on the one hand, and to language, on the other—two categories that are distinct from the literary, the mode through which poetics has tended to be analyzed. Beyond articulating what rhythm does to poetry, the contributors undertake a genealogical and theoretical analysis of how rhythm as a human experience has come to be articulated through poetry and poetics. The resulting work helps us better understand poetry both on its own terms and in its continuities with other experiences and other arts. Contributors: Derek Attridge, Tom Cable, Jonathan Culler, Natalie Gerber, Ben Glaser, Virginia Jackson, Simon Jarvis, Ewan Jones, Erin Kappeler, Meredith Martin, David Nowell Smith, Yopie Prins, Haun Saussy