Bioelectricity

This text is an introduction to electrophysiology, following a quantitative approach. The first chapter summarizes much of the mathematics required in the following chapters. The second chapter presents a very concise overview of the general principles of electrical fields and current flow, mostly es tablished in physical science and engineering, but also applicable to biolog ical environments. The following five chapters are the core material of this text. They include descriptions of how voltages come to exist across membranes and how these are described using the Nernst and Goldman equations (Chapter 3), an examination of the time course of changes in membrane voltages that produce action potentials (Chapter 4), propagation of action potentials down fibers (Chapter 5), the response of fibers to artificial stimuli such as those used in pacemakers (Chapter 6), and the voltages and currents produced by these active processes in the surrounding extracellular space (Chapter 7). The subsequent chapters present more detailed material about the application of these principles to the study of cardiac and neural electrophysiology, and include a chapter on recent developments in mem brane biophysics. The study of electrophysiology has progressed rapidly because of the precise, delicate, and ingenious experimental studies of many investigators. The field has also made great strides by unifying the numerous experimental observations through the development of increasingly accurate theoretical concepts and mathematical descriptions. The application of these funda mental principles has in turn formed a basis for the solution of many different electrophysiological problems.

Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics, 3rd Edition paves an easier and more efficient way for people seeking basic knowledge about this discipline. This book's focus is on systems with galvanic contact with tissue, with specific detail on the geometry of the measuring system. Both authors are internationally recognized experts in the field. The highly effective, easily followed organization of the second edition has been retained, with a new discussion of state-of-the-art advances in data analysis, modelling, endogenic sources, tissue electrical properties, electrodes, instrumentation and measurements. This book provides the basic knowledge of electrochemistry, electronic engineering, physics, physiology, mathematics, and model thinking that is needed to understand this key area in biomedicine and biophysics. Covers tissue immittance from the ground up in an intuitive manner, supported with figures and examples New chapters on electrodes and statistical analysis Discusses in detail dielectric and electrochemical aspects, geometry and instrumentation as well as electrical engineering concepts of network theory, providing a cross-disciplinary resource for engineers, life scientists, and physicists

This book presents an overview of the field of bioelectricity by demonstrating the biological significance of electromagnetic fields, electrical properties of tissue, biological effects of electromagnetic energy, and therapeutic applications and health hazards of electromagnetic energy.

Electric currents and electromagnetic fields have been applied to biological systems, particularly humans, with both therapeutic and pathological results. This text discusses biological responses to electric currents and electromagnetic fields, including medical applications and shock hazards. It covers fundamental physical and engineering principles of responses to short-term electrical exposure and emphasises human reactions, although animal responses are considered as well, and the treatment covers reactions from the just-detectable to the clearly detrimental. An important new chapter discusses standards for human exposure to electromagnetic fields and electric current and demonstrates how these standards have been developed using the principles treated in earlier chapters.

Recent advances in technology have led to the unprecedented accuracy in measurements of endogenous electric fields around sites of tissue disruption. State-of-the-art molecular approaches demonstrate the role of bioelectricity in the directionality and speed of cell migration, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and orientation. New informat

This text is an introduction to electrophysiology utilizing a quantitative approach. It describes the principles of electrical fields, using basic theory from science and engineering while taking the biological applications into consideration.

Bioelectricity (or bioelectromagnetism) relates to the study of biological electrical currents, and bioimpedance deals with the measurement of electrical conductivity. They are intimately linked to biomedical engineering, with major significance for development of novel medical devices, as well as the study of biological rhythms. This completely updated new edition remains the most comprehensive reference tool for this intricate, interdisciplinary field. The authors, both internationally recognized experts in the field, have thoroughly revised the entire text. It remains the only such work that discusses in detail dielectric and electrochemical aspects, as well as electrical engineering concepts of network theory. The highly effective, easy to follow organization has been retained, with new discussion of state-of-the-art advances in finite element analysis, endogenic sources, control theory, tissue electrical properties, and invasive measurements. There are two all new chapters on bioelectricity, along with an introduction to Geselowitz theory, the Maxwell basis of bioimpedance, and multivariate analysis as an alternative. * Increased emphasis on bioelectricity and potential clinical applications * Two all new chapters dealing with electrical properties of passive and excitable tissue * Expanded discussion of finite element modelling and a broad range of applications * Provides a complete ?all in one? reference source for a multidisciplinary, complex field * Includes many additional figures and all improved, newly drawn illustrations throughout

Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics is unique in providing all the information needed to follow the interdisciplinary subjects of bioimpedance and bioelectricity without having to be a graduate student in the relevant fields. For the first time, one book offers the broadest possible introduction to all use and effects of electrical fields in tissue, dealing with the most basic chemical and physical functions of life. Very few books have covered the dielectric and electrochemical side of the subject, despite its importance; Bioimpedance and Bioelectricity Basics does. It also includes the electrical engineering concepts of network theory and the complex math needed. Up to now, there has been work done by physicists and engineers on one side, doctors and biologists on the other, this book fills the gap, providing the knowledge for both groups. Key Features* is one complete source and reference guide to a complex and disparate field* gives the reader the latest research and applications* is highly illustrated, with an indepth explanation of all mathematics