Biopolymer Based Metal Nanoparticle Chemistry For Sustainable Applications

Biopolymers are becoming an increasingly important area of research as traditional chemical feedstocks run low and concerns about environmental impacts increase. One area of particular interest is their use for more sustainable development of metal nanoparticles. Biopolymer-Based Metal Nanoparticle Chemistry for Sustainability Applications, Volume 2 reviews key uses of biopolymers and biopolymer-based metal nanoparticles for a range of key sustainability-focused applications. After providing contextual examples of applications across the fields of food science, biomedicine and biochemistry, the book goes on to explore further sustainability-focused applications of Biopolymer-Based Metal Nanoparticles in such important areas as catalysis, environmental science, biosensing, and energy. Provides an overview of biopolymer-based metal nanoparticles for a wide range of applications Provides technological details on the synthesis of natural polymer-based metal nanoparticles Explores the role of biopolymer-based metal nanoparticles for more sustainable catalytic processes

Biopolymers are becoming an increasingly important area of research as traditional chemical feedstocks run low and concerns about environmental impacts increase. One area of particular interest is their use for more sustainable development of metal nanoparticles. Biopolymer-based Metal Nanoparticle Chemistry for Sustainability Applications, Volume 1 reviews key polymers found in nature, their characterization and modification, and processes for using them in the development of metal nanoparticles. Beginning with an introduction to both green chemistry and biopolymers in Part 1, the book goes on to outline the classification of biopolymers in Part 2, with specific details on polysaccharides, proteins and polypeptides, lignin, and polylactic acid. Properties of biopolymers, including biodegradability and toxicity, are the focus of Part 3, before Part 4 goes on to discuss synthesis and characterization. Reviews novel sources of polymers with high potential as green media for synthesizing nanostructures Provides technological details on the synthesis of natural polymer-based metal nanoparticles Highlights the use of natural polymer supports and the impact of their properties on stability, morphology and scale of nanostructures

Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging Explore the latest developments and advancements in biopolymer-based food packaging In Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging: Innovations and Technology Applications, a team of accomplished researchers delivers a complete, systematic, and sequential account of the contemporary developments in the application of biopolymers for sustainable food packaging. This book introduces the fabrication, characterization as well as benefits arising from the enhanced functionalities of biopolymer-based food packaging materials. The authors introduce various polysaccharide, protein, and microbial polymer-based food packaging films and coatings, as well as biopolymer-based blends and nanocomposites. Importance of these materials as active and intelligent food packaging systems is also introduced. Finally, the book explores biopolymer-based edible food packaging, and its efficacy in extending the shelf-life of perishable food items using sustainable materials and processes suitable for the future of circular economies around the world. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the incorporation of nanomaterials as fillers to improve the physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal, barrier, optical, and antimicrobial properties of food packaging nanocomposites Comprehensive discussions of the use of plant-based bioactive compounds, including essential oils, in biopolymer-based food packaging Practical examinations of silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles in food packaging In-depth treatments of polylactic acid-based composites for food packaging applications Biopolymer-Based Food Packaging: Innovations and Technology Applications is an invaluable resource for academic researchers and professionals in food packaging and related industries, as well as research scholars, graduate students, and entrepreneurs working and studying in the field of food preservation, environmental safety, and human health with a focus on the sustainable future.

This book emphasizes various challenges and opportunities in biopolymers and identifying their potential applications in various fields including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and electronics. It offers an overview of the environmental-related issues, regulatory and legislative issues, green extraction technologies, and sustainability challenges. It will be interesting and valuable for researchers working in the related field.

This book comprises a collection of chapters on advances in green nanomaterials. The book looks at ways to establish long‐term safe and sustainable forms of nanotechnology through implementation of nanoparticle biosynthesis with minimum impact on the ecosystem. The book looks at synthesis, processing, and applications of metal and metal oxide nanomaterials and also at bio-nanomaterials. The contents of this book will prove useful for researchers and professionals working in the field of nanomaterials and green technology.

Sustainable Nanocellulose and Nanohydrogels from Natural Sources explores the use of biopolymers in specific application areas such as electronics, energy, consumer goods, packaging materials, therapeutics, water treatment and engineering, and what makes the particular polymer to engage it in these applications. This is an important reference source for those who would like to learn more about how biopolymeric nanocomposites are used in sustainability and environmental protection. Biopolymers, including plant and sea-based polymers, play an important role in the formation and maintaining the stability of industrial nanocomposites; their common functions being the surface modification and protection for the highly oxidative-unstable cores, as stable base for holding multiple targets, and as a shield for the inorganic and highly toxic metals. These biopolymer-based nanocomposites are being used for applications in the electronics, automobile, construction and biomedical sectors. Explains the major design and development techniques of novel biopolymer-based nanocomposites Demonstrates how Nanocelluloses and Nanohydrogels are being used for environmental health and safety Explores how biopolymer-infused nanocellulose and nanogels are less toxic than their conventional counterparts

Recognized as the 'nature's latest wonder material', cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), can be extracted from cellulose, the most abundant biopolymer on earth. This nanomaterial is inherently renewable, nontoxic, sustainable, biodegradable, and has recently been realized at an industrial-scale production at a competitive cost (targeted at $10/kg). Unlike typical nanomaterials, CNC possesses several attractive properties, such as its remarkable colloidal stability in water, which makes facile solution processing possible. It also has outstanding mechanical properties, high aspect ratio, high surface area, and surface chemical reactivity. The material is extremely versatile such that it can be either used as a reinforcing agent, or be chemically/physically modified to produce the desired functionalities needed for different applications. In this work, an innovative transformation of CNCs from an intrinsically insulating material into highly conductive materials was achieved. This was made possible by two different approaches: (1) introducing CNCs with another conductive polymer - polypyrrole (PPy) to form hybrid composites; and (2) carbonizing CNCs into carbon nanorods (CNRs). The prepared conductive CNC was further applied to various electrochemical applications, such as supercapacitor (SP), supported metal catalyst, metal-free catalyst, and electrochemical sensor. In the first approach, two generations of conductive CNCs were developed. Both PPy/CNCs have a core-shell structure with PPy polymerizing in situ on the surface of CNCs forming the coating. CNC served as an ideal nanotemplate to promote an ordered growth of PPy on individual CNC rather than in the bulk solution. CNC also provided significantly improved dispersion stability in water for PPy/CNC composites compared to PPy polymerized under similar condition in the absence of CNCs. Gen 1 PPy/CNC synthesis was conducted by first performing simple chemistry to introduce more negatively charged functional group (i.e. carboxylic groups) to the surface of CNCs. These carboxylic groups provided stronger interaction with PPy layer through hydrogen bonding and dopant effect. In Gen 2, surface property of CNCs was tuned by coating a thin layer of an amphiphilic polymer before PPy polymerization. This coating provided a more favorable substrate for PPy growth compared with Gen 1. Improved synthesis of PPy/CNCs also exhibited an enhanced supercapacitive behavior and more robust cycling stability. In the second approach, conductive CNCs were fabricated through a calcination process up to 1000 oC, where organic polymers of CNCs were decomposed into carbonaceous materials. In this strategy, CNCs were used as carbon precursor and non-sacrificing template for controlling the carbonized nanostructure. To further improve the electrochemical properties of the synthesized carbon nanorods (CNRs), nitrogen (N)-doping was achieved using melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF) as N precursor that was pre-coated on individual CNC nanorods. The highly-crosslinked porous network of MF resin not only introduced the desired N-doping to the carbon framework, but also generated ordered mesoporous structure during pyrolysis. Moreover, it served as a pivotal role in protecting and stabilizing the structural integrity of the rod-shaped CNCs and preserved the fibrous morphology at high enough temperatures for graphitization. The high surface area, abundant mesopores, and N-functionality make N-doped CNRs (NCNRs) promising candidate as electrode material for supercapacitors and metal-free catalyst. The conductive NCNRs were further used as conductive carbon substrates for synthesizing supported metal nanoparticle (MNP) catalyst. However, carbon materials are generally unstable in water due to structural hydrophobicity and they also lack surface functionalities for effective stabilization of MNPs. Therefore, a bio-inspired polydopamine (PDa) polymerization on NCNR surface was performed to prepare NCNRs prior to the metal reduction step. PDa modification introduced strong chelation with metal/metal ions and dramatically increased the dispersibility of the supported metal composites, leading to improved reactant accessibility, higher catalytic activity and utilization efficiency of the metal catalysts. Both Pd and Pt nanoparticles as model metal nanoparticles of 1-2 nm were homogeneously reduced on PDa-NCNRs. The supported metal catalysts showed remarkable catalytic activity when used as catalyst for 4-nitrophenol reduction and oxygen reduction reactions. In addition, the electrode modified with prepared Pt/PDa-NCNRs displayed favorable sensing capability towards non-enzymatic glucose detection with very low overpotential in neutral media. To the best of our knowledge, this work is among the very few pioneering studies that explore the potential of CNCs as highly conductive materials/composites for various electrochemical applications. This thesis unlocks many unexplored applications of CNCs and the findings will provide many sustainable alternatives for the next generation energy storage, electrocatalysts, and electrochemical sensors. It is also expected that this work will contribute to the revival of the forestry industry in Canada by enabling high value-added wood-derived products on the market in the near future.

Nanoparticles and Plant-Microbe Interactions: An Environmental Perspective, Volume Seven in the Nanomaterial-Plant Interactions series, provides comprehensive coverage on how nanoparticles can impact plant-microbe interactions. Key themes include nanoparticle synthesis, nano-phytoremediation, nano-farming, the negative impacts of nanoparticles, and nanomaterials in mitigating stress. This will be an essential read for any scientist or researcher looking to assess and understand the potential toxicological risks associated with plant nanotechnology, with particular focus on plant-microbe interactions. Nanotechnology is an emerging field with a vast range of nano-based products for commercial exploitation. The interactions of nanoparticles, plants and microbes can be harnessed in several applications, including alleviating environmental pollution. In addition to the aforementioned content, the book also explores concerns surrounding the toxicity of nanoparticles themselves, an important aspect to be aware, along with potential negative effects. Discusses the latest advances in the use of nanotechnology in plants and plant-microbe interactions Considers the potential negative impacts of nanotechnology on the environment Presents the applications of nanomaterials, including their role in stress mitigation