Doubly Stochastic Models for Volcanic Hazard Assessment at Campi Flegrei Caldera

Doubly Stochastic Models for Volcanic Hazard Assessment at Campi Flegrei Caldera
Author: Andrea Bevilacqua
Publsiher: Springer
Total Pages: 234
Release: 2016-05-03
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9788876425776

Download Doubly Stochastic Models for Volcanic Hazard Assessment at Campi Flegrei Caldera Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

This study provides innovative mathematical models for assessing the eruption probability and associated volcanic hazards, and applies them to the Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy. Throughout the book, significant attention is devoted to quantifying the sources of uncertainty affecting the forecast estimates. The Campi Flegrei caldera is certainly one of the world’s highest-risk volcanoes, with more than 70 eruptions over the last 15,000 years, prevalently explosive ones of varying magnitude, intensity and vent location. In the second half of the twentieth century the volcano apparently once again entered a phase of unrest that continues to the present. Hundreds of thousands of people live inside the caldera and over a million more in the nearby city of Naples, making a future eruption of Campi Flegrei an event with potentially catastrophic consequences at the national and European levels.

Flows of Non Smooth Vector Fields and Degenerate Elliptic Equations

Flows of Non Smooth Vector Fields and Degenerate Elliptic Equations
Author: Maria Colombo
Publsiher: Springer
Total Pages: 250
Release: 2017-06-07
Genre: Mathematics
ISBN: 9788876426070

Download Flows of Non Smooth Vector Fields and Degenerate Elliptic Equations Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The first part of the book is devoted to the transport equation for a given vector field, exploiting the lagrangian structure of solutions. It also treats the regularity of solutions of some degenerate elliptic equations, which appear in the eulerian counterpart of some transport models with congestion. The second part of the book deals with the lagrangian structure of solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson system, which describes the evolution of a system of particles under the self-induced gravitational/electrostatic field, and the existence of solutions of the semigeostrophic system, used in meteorology to describe the motion of large-scale oceanic/atmospheric flows.​

Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management

Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management
Author: Nicolas R. Dalezios
Publsiher: IWA Publishing
Total Pages: 560
Release: 2017-02-15
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781780407128

Download Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

From the beginning of 21st century, there has been an awareness of risk in the environment along with a growing concern for the continuing potential damage caused by hazards. In order to ensure environmental sustainability, a better understanding of natural disasters and their impacts is essential. It has been recognized that a holistic and integrated approach to environmental hazards needs to be attempted using common methodologies, such as risk analysis, which involves risk management and risk assessment. Indeed, risk management means reducing the threats posed by known hazards, whereas at the same time accepting unmanageable risks and maximizing any related benefits. The risk management framework involves evaluating the importance of a risk, either quantitatively or qualitatively. Risk assessment comprises three steps, namely risk identification (data base, event monitoring, statistical inference), risk estimation (magnitude, frequency, economic costs) and risk evaluation (cost-benefit analysis). Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step, risk governance, i.e. the need for a feedback of all the risk assessment undertakings. There is currently a lack of such feedback which constitutes a serious deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards. This book emphasises methodological approaches and procedures of the three main components in the study of environmental hazards, namely forecasting - nowcasting (before), monitoring (during) and assessment (after), based on geoinformatic technologies and data and simulation through examples and case studies. These are considered within the risk management framework and, in particular, within the three components of risk assessment, namely risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation. This approach is a contemporary and innovative procedure and constitutes current research in the field of environmental hazards. Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management covers hydrological hazards (floods, droughts, storms, hail, desertification), biophysical hazards (frost, heat waves, epidemics, forest fires), geological hazards (landslides, snow avalanches), tectonic hazards (earthquakes, volcanoes), and technological hazards. This book provides a text and a resource on environmental hazards for senior undergraduate students, graduate students on all courses related to environmental hazards and risk assessment and management. It is a valuable handbook for researchers and professionals of environmental science, environmental economics and management, and engineering. Editor: Nicolas R. Dalezios, University of Thessaly, Greece

Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose Unrest Precursors and Timing

Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose  Unrest  Precursors  and Timing
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine,Division on Earth and Life Studies,Board on Earth Sciences and Resources,Committee on Seismology and Geodynamics,Committee on Improving Understanding of Volcanic Eruptions
Publsiher: National Academies Press
Total Pages: 135
Release: 2017-07-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780309454155

Download Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose Unrest Precursors and Timing Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Volcanic eruptions are common, with more than 50 volcanic eruptions in the United States alone in the past 31 years. These eruptions can have devastating economic and social consequences, even at great distances from the volcano. Fortunately many eruptions are preceded by unrest that can be detected using ground, airborne, and spaceborne instruments. Data from these instruments, combined with basic understanding of how volcanoes work, form the basis for forecasting eruptionsâ€"where, when, how big, how long, and the consequences. Accurate forecasts of the likelihood and magnitude of an eruption in a specified timeframe are rooted in a scientific understanding of the processes that govern the storage, ascent, and eruption of magma. Yet our understanding of volcanic systems is incomplete and biased by the limited number of volcanoes and eruption styles observed with advanced instrumentation. Volcanic Eruptions and Their Repose, Unrest, Precursors, and Timing identifies key science questions, research and observation priorities, and approaches for building a volcano science community capable of tackling them. This report presents goals for making major advances in volcano science.

Vesuvius Campi Flegrei and Campanian Volcanism

Vesuvius  Campi Flegrei  and Campanian Volcanism
Author: Benedetto De Vivo,Harvey E. Belkin,Giuseppe Rolandi
Publsiher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 520
Release: 2019-10-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9780128175187

Download Vesuvius Campi Flegrei and Campanian Volcanism Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei, and Campanian Volcanism communicates the state-of-the-art scientific knowledge on past and active volcanism in an area characterized by elevated risk due to high-density population. Eruptions, lahars and poisonous gas clouds have killed many thousands of people over recorded history, but volcanoes have given people some of the most fertile soil known in agriculture. The research presented in this book is useful for policymakers and researchers from these and other countries who are looking for risk assessment and volcanic evolution models they can apply to similar situations around the world. Naples and its surrounding area, in particular, the area situated between Vesuvius and the Campi Flegrei volcanic area has a population in excess of 4 million people. The volcanic areas that have similarly large populations in proximity to dormant, but hazardous volcanoes, i.e., Indonesia and Central America can also benefit from this work. Covers the fundamental science of volcanoes, including new developments in the last decade relating to the use of crystals and melt inclusions to model the nature and evolution of volatiles Includes the latest research on volcanism in Southern Italy that is presented as a case study for active and inactive volcanoes across the globe Presents research that is applicable around the world, for people, scientists and policymakers living on, or near, active volcanoes

Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards

Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards
Author: Roberto Scarpa,Robert I. Tilling
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 842
Release: 2012-12-06
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9783642800870

Download Monitoring and Mitigation of Volcano Hazards Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

By the year 2000, the number of people at risk from volcanic hazards is likely to increase to around half a billion. Since 1980, significant advances have been made in volcano monitoring, the data from which provides the sole scientific basis for eruption prediction. Here, internationally renowned and highly experienced specialists provide 25 comprehensive articles covering a wide range of related topics: monitoring techniques and data analysis; modelling of monitoring data and eruptive phenomena; volcanic hazards and risk assessment; and volcanic emergency management. Selected case histories of recent volcanic disasters, such as Mount Pinatubo in the Philippines, demonstrate that effective communication - between scientists, civil authorities, the media and the population at risk - is essential to reducing the danger.

Statistics in Volcanology

Statistics in Volcanology
Author: Heidy M. Mader
Publsiher: Geological Society of London
Total Pages: 304
Release: 2006
Genre: Volcanoes
ISBN: 1862392080

Download Statistics in Volcanology Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

Statistics in Volcanology is a comprehensive guide to modern statistical methods applied in volcanology written by today's leading authorities. The volume aims to show how the statistical analysis of complex volcanological data sets, including time series, and numerical models of volcanic processes can improve our ability to forecast volcanic eruptions. Specific topics include the use of expert elicitation and Bayesian methods in eruption forecasting, statistical models of temporal and spatial patterns of volcanic activity, analysis of time series in volcano seismology, probabilistic hazard assessment, and assessment of numerical models using robust statistical methods. Also provided are comprehensive overviews of volcanic phenomena, and a full glossary of both volcanological and statistical terms. Statistics in Volcanology is essential reading for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and research scientists interested in this multidisciplinary field.

Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk

Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk
Author: Susan C. Loughlin,Robert Stephen John Sparks,Steve Sparks,Sarah K. Brown,Susanna F. Jenkins,Charlotte Vye-Brown
Publsiher: Cambridge University Press
Total Pages: 409
Release: 2015-07-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781107111752

Download Global Volcanic Hazards and Risk Book in PDF, Epub and Kindle

The first comprehensive assessment of global volcanic hazards and risk, with detailed regional profiles, for the disaster risk reduction community. Also available as Open Access.