Human Interaction With Electromagnetic Fields

Human Interaction with Electromagnetic Fields: Computational Models in Dosimetry presents some highly rigorous and sophisticated integral equation techniques from computational electromagnetics (CEM), along with practical techniques for the calculation and measurement of internal dosimetry. Theory is accompanied by numerical modeling algorithms and illustrative computational examples that range from academic to full real-world scenarios. Covers both deterministic and stochastic modeling Presents implementations of integral equation approaches, overcoming the limitations of the FDTD approach Presents various biomedical applications

The field of computational bioelectromagnetics has grown rapidly in the last decades, but until now there has not been a comprehensive text on the many aspects of interaction between human beings and electromagnetic fields. This text fills the gap.

This reference explores the sources, characteristics, bioeffects, and health hazards of extremely low-frequency (ELF) fields and radio frequency radiation (RFR), analyzing current research as well as the latest epidemiological studies to assess potential risks associated with exposure and to develop effective safety guidelines. Compiles reports and investigations from four decades of study on the effect of nonionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation on human health Summarizing modern engineering approaches to control exposure, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation discusses: EM interaction mechanisms in biological systems Explorations into the impact of EM fields on free radicals, cells, tissues, organs, whole organisms, and the population Regulatory standards in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia Pacific Evaluation of incident fields from various EM sources Measurement surveys for various sites including power lines, substations, mobile systems, cellular base stations, broadcast antennas, traffic radar devices, heating equipment, and other sources Dosimetry techniques for the determination of internal EM fields Conclusions reached by the Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, and other institutions

Spanning static fields to terahertz waves, this volume explores the range of consequences electromagnetic fields have on the human body. Topics discussed include essential interactions and field coupling phenomena; electric field interactions in cells, focusing on ultrashort, pulsed high-intensity fields; dosimetry or coupling of ELF fields into biological systems; and the historical developments and recent trends in numerical dosimetry. It also discusses mobile communication devices and the dosimetry of RF radiation into the human body, exposure and dosimetry associated with MRI and spectroscopy, and available data on the interaction of terahertz radiation with biological tissues, cells, organelles, and molecules.

The objective of this book is to present in a concise manner what is actually known at the present time about biological effects of time invariant, low frequency and radio frequency (including microwave) electric and magnetic fields. In reviewing the vast amount of experimental data which have been obtained in recent years, the authors tried to select those results that are, in their opinion, of major importance and of lasting value. In discussing mechanisms of interaction of electromagnetic fields with living matter they have tried to differentiate between what is clearly established, what is suggested by available evidence without being convincingly proven, and what is conjecture at the present time.

Over the past century, there has been a growing interest in the interactions of electromagnetic fields and biological systems. It was first discovered that cells react and are guided by current flow (galvanotaxism). Since then, there have been other anecdotal reports such as increased bone growth from pulsed magnetic fields and inhibition of cell replication by alternating electric fields. The mechanisms of these reports are still under investigation and in addition, the types of fields investigated are few and far between. This work provides an in-depth analysis of the functional response of multiple breast cell lines under treatment of a new electromagnetic field type. Specifically, the migratory, proliferative, and metabolic response of cells were observed under treatment of a low frequency (100 kHz), electric field induced by an alternating magnetic field. Previous studies on magnetic fields have considered extremely low frequency (120 Hz), while medium frequency studies in the 100 kHz range have consisted of direct electric field application resulting in current flow. In this work, the applied alternating magnetic field induces electric fields within the cellular media or cell body without the need for contact electrodes. This study is the first of its kind, observing a broad range of cellular functions under the treatment of a singular electromagnetic field type. It was found that the induced electric fields were capable of inhibiting cell migration, driving apoptosis under stress, and reducing mitochondrial respiration. Specifically, baseline oxygen consumption of two breast cancer cell lines and one normal breast cell line were significantly reduced with induced electric field treatment. Preliminary data points toward lower ATP generation which may explain observed hindrance of migration and induced apoptosis. The results presented herein represent a significant step toward understanding how electromagnetic fields interact with human cells, particularly cancerous versus non-cancerous cell lines. This work will lead to future studies investigating the use of electromagnetic fields as a possible treatment modality in cancer.

Ever since the early 1940's, electromagnetic energy in the nonionizing spectrum has contributed to the enhanced quality of life in a variety of ways. Aside from their well-known roles in communication, entertainment, industry and science, electromagnetic energy has come into wide spread use in biology and medicine. In addition to the intended purposes, these energies produce other effects which have been shown to influence the life processes of living organisms. It is noteworthy that these energies are not only harmless in ordinary quantities but are actually necessary for modern life, indeed without which life as we know it would be impossible. The purpose of this book is to present a succinct summary of the interaction of electromagnetic fields and waves with biological systems as they are now known. The subject matter is interdisciplinary and is based primarily on presentations scheduled for a joint symposium at the XXII General Assembly of the International Union of Radio Science, held in Tel Aviv, Israel from Tuesday, August 25 to Wednesday, September 2, 1987. The symposium was jointly sponsored by the Bioelectromagnetics Society in cooperation with the International Radiation Protection Association. The choice of topics was made to facilitate the application and to stimulate the use of nonioni zing electromagnetic energy in biology and medicine, and to increase the awareness and to promote the consideration of radiation safety by electrical engineers and experimental physicists.

Leading scientists discuss the relevant aspects of a research agenda and prevention strategies on the health effects of EMF. Clarifies what is known and identifies what is not known so as to plan a research agenda that will fill gaps in current knowledge. Charts and graphs. Glossary.