Nanosensor Technologies For Environmental Monitoring

Advanced materials and nanotechnology is a promising, emerging field involving the use of nanoparticles to facilitate the detection of various physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, humidity, pH, metal ion, anion, small organic or inorganic molecules, gases, and biomolecules responsible for environmental issues that can lead to diseases like cancer, diabetes, osteoarthritis, bacterial infections, and brain, retinal, and cardiovascular diseases. By monitoring environmental samples and detecting these environmental issues, advanced nanotechnology in this type of sensory technology is able to improve daily quality of life. Although these sensors are commercially available for the detection of monovalent cations, anions, gases, volatile organic molecules, heavy metal ions, and toxic metal ions, many existing models require significant power and lack advanced technology for more quality selectivity and sensitivity. There is room in these sensors to optimize their selectivity, reversibility, on/off ratio, response time, and their environmental stability in real-world operating conditions. This book explores the methods for the development and design of environmentally-friendly, simple, reliable, and cost effective electrochemical nanosensors using powerful nanostructured materials. More specifically, it highlights the use of various electrochemical-based biosensor sensors involved in the detection of monovalent cations, anions, gases, volatile organic molecules, heavy metal ions, and toxic metal ions, with the ultimate goal of seeing these technologies reach market.

This book provides a comprehensive overview on the most important types of nanosensor platforms explored and developed in the recent years for efficient detection of environmental/clinical analytes. The chapters cover basic aspects of functioning principles and describe the technologies and challenges of present and future pesticide, metal ions, toxic gases analytical sensing approaches and environmental sensors. Nanosensors are nanoscale miniature devices used for sensing of analyte in ultra-low range. These have gained considerable interest in environmental applications such as environmental chemistry and functionalization approaches, environmental engineering, sustainability, green technology for sensing, environmental health monitoring, pesticide detection, metal and ions detection using electrochemical and wireless sensor.

Advances in Nanosensors for Biological and Environmental Analysis presents the current state-of-art in nanosensors for biological and environmental analysis, also covering commercial aspects. Broadly, the book provides detailed information on the emergence of different types of nanomaterials as transduction platforms used in the development of nanosensors. These include carbon nanotubes, graphene, 2-D transition metal dichalcogenides, conducting polymers and metal organic frameworks. Additional topics include sections on the way nanosensors have inspired new product development in various types of biological and environmental applications that are currently available and on the horizon. Features detailed information on various types of biological and environmental nanosensors Gives particular attention to the different categories of advanced functional interfaces, processes for their development, and application areas Includes the current state-of-the-art in terms of commercial aspects

"Nanosensors refer to a miniature electronic sensing device that works on a "Nano-scale" region. A nanosensor is a device that can transfer information and data on the behaviour and characteristics of tiny particles to a higher degree of visibility. Nanosensors can be used to distinguish chemical or mechanical data, such as the presence of material species and nanoparticles, or to screen real limitations on the nanoscale, such as temperature. Nanosensors are categorised depending on their design and intended use. Based on their structure, nanosensors are classified into two types: optical nanosensors and electrochemical nanosensors. Depending on the application, the nanosensor can be purchased as a material nanosensor, biosensor, electrometer, or deployable nanosensor. Nanosensors can measure down to the level of a single particle. Nanosensors include an analyte, sensor, transducer, and indicator. Nanosensors work by continuously monitoring electrical changes in sensor materials. The analyte diffuses from the solution for the sensor's outer layer and responds explicitly and competently, changing the physicochemical properties of the transducer surface, prompting an adjustment of the optical or electronic properties of the transducer's outer layer, and this change is converted into an electrical sign that is recognized. Like new technology, intelligent healthcare systems are moving toward new approaches and models of healthcare-based nanosensors, smart phones, smart watches, and other gadgets. This book deeply discusses the deployment of nanomaterials and nanosensors to enhance the healthcare system with continuous and real-time monitoring of individuals to avoid huge life risks. Environmental pollution has become a serious global issue affecting public health, the economy, and society. Organic pollutants, heavy metals in the soil, pesticide intake from fruits and vegetables, and the influence of illnesses and their toxins are all considered serious environmental problems. This book focuses on current advancements in DNA-nanosensors for environmental monitoring that make tracking contaminants simpler. DNA nanosensors are used to detect harmful microbiological contaminants, toxins, and medications. Some contemporary DNA-nanosensor environmental monitoring applications are discussed"--

Nanosensors for Smart Cities covers the fundamental design concepts and emerging applications of nanosensors for the creation of smart city infrastructures. Examples of major applications include logistics management, where nanosensors could be used in active transport tracking devices for smart tracking and tracing, and in agri-food productions, where nanosensors are used in nanochips for identity, and food inspection, and smart storage. This book is essential reading for researchers working in the field of advanced sensors technology, smart city technology and nanotechnology, and stakeholders involved in city management. Nanomaterials based sensors (nanosensors) can offer many advantages over their microcounterparts, including lower power consumption, high sensitivity, lower concentration of analytes, and smaller interaction distance between object and sensor. With the support of artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, neural networks, and ambient-intelligence, sensor systems are becoming smarter. Provides information on the fabrication and fundamental design concepts of nanosensors for intelligent systems Explores how nanosensors are being used to better monitor and maintain infrastructure services, including street lighting, traffic management and pollution control Assesses the challenges for creating nanomaterials-enhanced sensors for mass-market consumer products

Carbon nanomaterials have gained relevance in chem/bio sensing applications owing to their unique chemical, mechanical, electrical, and thermal characteristics. Written by leading experts in the field, this book discusses selected, state-of-the art carbon-based nanomaterials, including nanodiamonds, graphene nanodots, carbon nanopores, and nanocellulose. It presents examples of chem/bio sensing applications ranging from biomedical studies, such as DNA sequencing and neurotransmitter sensing, to heavy-metal detection in environmental monitoring scenarios, and reviews the unique properties of carbon-based nanomaterials with respect to targeted sensing applications. Further, it highlights exciting future applications. Providing comprehensive information for practitioners and scientists working in the field of carbon nanomaterial technologies and their application, it is also a valuable resource for advanced students of analytical chemistry, biochemistry, electrochemistry, materials science, and micro-/nanotechnology and -sensing.

Real-time and reliable detection of molecular compounds and bacteria is essential in modern environmental monitoring. For rapid analyses, biosensing devices combining high selectivity of biomolecular recognition and sensitivity of modern signal-detection technologies offer a promising platform. Biosensors allow rapid on-site detection of pollutants and provide potential for better understanding of the environmental processes, including the fate and transport of contaminants.This book, including 12 chapters from 37 authors, introduces different biosensor-based technologies applied for environmental analyses.