Neurostimulation For Epilepsy

Neurostimulation for Epilepsy: Advances, Applications, and Opportunities comprehensively reviews the diverse array of neurostimulation technologies currently in use and in development for the treatment of epilepsy. The book covers basic mechanisms of neurostimulation, technical characteristics of approved and investigational neurostimulation devices, clinical applications and programming considerations of these devices, and progress toward next-generation device technology. Leading experts in the field provide a contemporary appraisal of neurostimulation in epilepsy, one that highlights recent advances, outlines unanswered questions, and proposes future directions. Neurostimulation for Epilepsy: Advances, Applications, and Opportunities will be of high interest to clinical, basic, and translational researchers seeking to understand leading-edge applications of neurostimulation in epilepsy and to clinicians managing patients with epilepsy who are treated with implanted and external neurostimulation devices. This book will also be of interest to trainees, to physicians in other areas of neurology where neurostimulation is employed, such as Pain and Movement Disorders, and to general medical practitioners, neurobiologists, and engineers. - Explains fundamental principles of neurostimulation in accessible terms - Details technical characteristics and engineering considerations of neurostimulation devices - Describes strengths and limitations of approved and investigational neurostimulation devices - Overviews clinical applications of neurostimulation, including device selection and programming - Highlights the patient experience with neurostimulation, with an emphasis on quality of life - Provides a roadmap for the development of next-generation devices

Jasper's Basic Mechanisms, Fourth Edition, is the newest most ambitious and now clinically relevant publishing project to build on the four-decade legacy of the Jasper's series. In keeping with the original goal of searching for "a better understanding of the epilepsies and rational methods of prevention and treatment.", the book represents an encyclopedic compendium neurobiological mechanisms of seizures, epileptogenesis, epilepsy genetics and comordid conditions. Of practical importance to the clinician, and new to this edition are disease mechanisms of genetic epilepsies and therapeutic approaches, ranging from novel antiepileptic drug targets to cell and gene therapies.

pathology of epilepsy Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by sudden and recurrent seizures brought on by an excess or absence of nerve cell signaling in the brain. Convulsions, lapses of consciousness, strange body movements or sensations, strange behaviors, and emotional disturbances are all symptoms of seizures. Typically lasting between one and two minutes, epileptic seizures can be followed by weakness, confusion, or unresponsiveness. Epilepsy is a disorder that affects between 40 and 50 million people worldwide and is relatively common. Males are slightly more likely than females to experience it. Brain defects, head trauma, infectious diseases, stroke, brain tumors, and genetic or developmental anomalies are some of the causes of the disorder. Hereditary causes exist for a number of epileptic disorders.

Deep brain stimulation for seizures has been applied to cerebellum, caudate, locus coeruleus, subthalamic nucleus, mammillary bodies, centromedian thalamus, anterior nucleus of thalamus, hippocampus and amygdala, hippocampal commissure, corpus callosum, neocortex, and occasionally to other sites. Animal and clinical studies have primarily investigated seizure prevention and, to a lessersmaller extent, seizure interruption. No studies have yet shown stimulation able to cure epilepsy. A wide variety of stimulation parameters have been employed in multiple different combinations of frequencies, amplitudes, and durations. Literature review identifies at least 52 clinical studies of brain stimulation for epilepsy in 817 patients. Two studies were large, randomized, and controlled, one in the anterior nucleus of thalamus and another at the cortical or hippocampal seizure focus; both of these studies showed efficacy and tolerability of stimulation. Many questions remain. We do not know the mechanisms, the best stimulation parameters, the best patient population, or how to predict benefit in advance. We do not know why benefit of neurostimulation for epilepsy seems to increase over time or whether there are long-term deleterious effects. All of these questions may be answerable with a combination of laboratory research and clinical experience.

Could neurostimulation be a management option for your patients? Neurostimulation techniques present real management options for patients with a range of neurologic and psychiatric disorders, such as movement disorders, pain, and depression. They should be actively considered when conventional medical approaches have failed or are inappropriate. But for many clinicians, these new methods pose many questions. What are the available modalities? How do they work? Which patients might benefit from them? How do I explain the processes to patients? How do I monitor my patient’s progress after implantation? Neurostimulation: Principles and Practice provides a concise, easy-to-read fusion of the clinical applications of implanted neurostimulators. It demystifies selection and referral criteria, maximizing therapy, programming the implanted neuromodulators, monitoring progress, and troubleshooting problems associated with neurostimulation. Neurostimulation: Principles and Practice covers the modalities available for your patients: Deep brain stimulation Motor cortex stimulation Vagus nerve stimulation Spinal cord stimulation Peripheral nerve stimulation Written by an international cast of experts, Neurostimulation: Principles and Practice sets the stage for you to provide real clinical benefit to your patients who might receive, or are already using, neurostimulators.

This second edition presents a timely, practical, clinically relevant and focused updated discussion of vagal nerve stimulation in a readily-understood and well-illustrated format. It provides a clinical approach to the treatment of patients with medically intractable seizures, as well as for those with depression (a new indication since the first edition).

In this issue of Neurosurgery Clinics, Drs. Chang and Barbaro provide a thorough look at epilepsy, with sections focusing on devices in epilepsy surgery, open loop systems, closed loop systems, and non-stimulation. Topics in this issue include history and overview of stimulation for epilepsy, trigeminal nerve stimulation, anterior thalamus DBS, hippocampal stimulation, neuropace RNS, seizure detection/prediction algorithms, cooling, seizure prediction and its applications, stimulation paradigms, and experimental stimulation.