Normalization of Deviance

Normalization of Deviance
Author: Karlene Petitt
Publsiher: Unknown
Total Pages: 210
Release: 2020-02
Genre: Electronic Book
ISBN: 1944738096

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The things that airlines, aircraft manufacturers, and the FAA are not sharing with the public. This book is the result of the author's doctoral research-Safety Culture, Training, Understanding, Aviation Passion: The Impact on Manual Flight and Operational Performance. The study began with the question as to why pilots were not manually flying their aircraft. Regulatory officials identified this to be a problem, not only with manual flight and skill loss, but lack of understanding of their equipment and associated displays. This Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) then recommended all airlines to encourage manual flight. While the intent of this research was to learn what predicted manual flight, what was learned may have predicted and, if heeded, prevented the Lion Air Flight 602, 2018 crash, Ethiopian Flight 302, 2019 crash, and Atlas Air Flight 3591, 2019 crash. What was learned, if heeded, could also have prevented the Air France Flight 447 crash. There is never one reason an accident occurs, but a chain of events. At the core of all four of these accidents were failures in safety culture, reporting culture, pilot training, lack of understanding and, as a result, performance. The research identified the significant predictors of manual flight to be pilot understanding, pilot training, aviation passion, and safety culture. In the sequence of events from corporate processes to the flight line, the research identified that safety culture is the core of operational performance. Safety culture influences training, training influences pilots' level of understanding, and that level of understanding influences the pilot's decision to manually fly. Therefore the answer as to why pilots are not flying their aircraft begins with safety culture. if you travel, fly, or touch aviation in any aspect, you have every reason to read this book. If you wish to read the actual dissertation, it may be found at https://petittaviationresearch.com.

Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance

Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance
Author: CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
Publsiher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 176
Release: 2018-08-31
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9781119506706

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An essential guide for recognizing and responding to normalization of deviance to help organizations improve their process safety performance This book provides an introduction and offers approaches for finding and addressing normalization of deviation both in operational and organizational activities. It addresses the initial and long-term effects of normalization of deviations as seen in reduced efficiencies, reduced product quality, extended batch run time, and near miss process safety incidents which can lead to loss of containment of hazardous materials and energies. Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance addresses how to recognize and respond to the normalization of deviation that can, and almost certainly will, occur in any ongoing operations that involves humans. The book’s primary focus is on reducing the incidence of normalization of deviation and the associated increased risk exposure due to its effects when operating chemical or petrochemical manufacturing facilities. It contains an introduction to the concept and offers approaches for finding and addressing normalization of deviation when it presents itself in both operational and organizational activities. Contains guidance to assist facilities in recognizing and addressing the phenomenon of normalization of deviation Provides techniques for addressing normalized deviations and techniques to eliminate waste in all manufacturing processes Describes methods for identifying normalized deviation as well as where to find deviations Includes techniques to reduce operational normalization of deviance and to reduce organizational normalization of deviance Aimed at process safety professionals and consultants applying process safety risk reduction efforts in manufacturing areas, Recognizing and Responding to Normalization of Deviance is an important book for any organization that has seen its process safety performance deteriorate over time.

The Challenger Launch Decision

The Challenger Launch Decision
Author: Diane Vaughan
Publsiher: University of Chicago Press
Total Pages: 622
Release: 2016-01-04
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780226346960

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“An in-depth account of the events and personal actions which led to a great tragedy in the history of America’s space program.” —James D. Smith, former Solid Rocket Booster Chief, NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center When the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, millions of Americans became bound together in a single, historic moment. Many still vividly remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard about the tragedy. Diane Vaughan recreates the steps leading up to that fateful decision, contradicting conventional interpretations to prove that what occurred at NASA was not skullduggery or misconduct but a disastrous mistake. Why did NASA managers, who not only had all the information prior to the launch but also were warned against it, decide to proceed? In retelling how the decision unfolded through the eyes of the managers and the engineers, Vaughan uncovers an incremental descent into poor judgment, supported by a culture of high-risk technology. She reveals how and why NASA insiders, when repeatedly faced with evidence that something was wrong, normalized the deviance so that it became acceptable to them. In a new preface, Vaughan reveals the ramifications for this book and for her when a similar decision-making process brought down NASA’s Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003. “Vaughn finds the traditional explanation of the [Challenger] accident to be profoundly unsatisfactory . . . One by one, she unravels the conclusions of the Rogers Commission.” —The New York Times “A landmark study.” —Atlantic “Vaughn gives us a rare view into the working level realities of NASA . . . The cumulative force of her argument and evidence is compelling.” —Scientific American

Flirting with Disaster

Flirting with Disaster
Author: Marc S. Gerstein,Michael Ellsberg
Publsiher: Union Square Press
Total Pages: 356
Release: 2008
Genre: Self-Help
ISBN: 9781402753039

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"Despite warnings of impending disaster, preemptive action is rarely taken by those who have the ability to do so. How do smart, high-powered people, leaders of global corporations, national institutions, even nations, often get it so wrong? While most investigations focus on the technical causes of disaster, Flirting With Disaster examines the psychological, social, and cultural impediments to whistle-blowing, showing what we can do to reduce the possibility of disasters happening at all"--Publisher's website.

Deviance Management

Deviance Management
Author: Christopher D. Bader,Joseph O. Baker
Publsiher: University of California Press
Total Pages: 230
Release: 2019-09-10
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9780520304482

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Deviance Management examines how individuals and subcultures manage the stigma of being labeled socially deviant. Exploring high-tension religious groups, white power movements, paranormal subcultures, LGBTQ groups, drifters, recreational drug and alcohol users, and more, the authors identify how and when people combat, defy, hide from, or run from being stigmatized as “deviant.” While most texts emphasize the criminological features of deviance, the authors’ coverage here showcases the diversity of social and noncriminal deviance. Deviance Management allows for a more thorough understanding of strategies typically used by normalization movements to destigmatize behaviors and identities while contributing to the study of social movements and intra-movement conflict.

A Quarter century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization

A Quarter century of Normalization and Social Role Valorization
Author: Robert John Flynn,Raymond A. Lemay
Publsiher: University of Ottawa Press
Total Pages: 586
Release: 1999
Genre: Social Science
ISBN: 9780776604855

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During the late 1960s, Normalization and Social Role Valorization (SRV) enabled the widespread emergence of community residential options and then provided the philosophical climate within which educational integration, supported employment, and community participation were able to take firm root. This book is unique in tracing the evolution and impact of Normalization and SRV over the last quarter-century, with many of the chapter authors personally involved in a still-evolving international movement.

Essential Practices for Creating Strengthening and Sustaining Process Safety Culture

Essential Practices for Creating  Strengthening  and Sustaining Process Safety Culture
Author: CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
Publsiher: John Wiley & Sons
Total Pages: 416
Release: 2018-07-24
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781119515173

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An essential guide that offers an understanding of and the practices needed to assess and strengthen process safety culture Essential Practices for Developing, Strengthening and Implementing Process Safety Culture presents a much-needed guide for understanding an organization's working culture and contains information on why a good culture is essential for safe, cost-effective, and high-quality operations. The text defines process safety culture and offers information on a safety culture’s history, organizational impact and benefits, and the role that leadership plays at all levels of an organization. In addition, the book outlines the core principles needed to assess and strengthen process safety culture such as: maintain a sense of vulnerability; combat normalization of deviance; establish an imperative for safety; perform valid, timely, hazard and risk assessments; ensure open and frank communications; learn and advance the culture. This important guide also reviews leadership standards within the organizational structure, warning signs of cultural degradation and remedies, as well as the importance of using diverse methods over time to assess culture. This vital resource: Provides an overview for understanding an organization's working culture Offers guidance on why a good culture is essential for safe, cost-effective, and high quality operations Includes down-to-earth advice for recognizing, assessing, strengthening and sustaining a good process safety culture Contains illustrative examples and cases studies, and references to literature, codes, and standards Written for corporate, business and line managers, engineers, and process safety professionals interested in excellent performance for their organization, Essential Practices for Developing, Strengthening and Implementing Process Safety Culture is the go-to reference for implementing and keeping in place a culture of safety.

The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory

The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory
Author: Lisa Disch,Mary Hawkesworth
Publsiher: Oxford University Press
Total Pages: 1088
Release: 2018-02-01
Genre: Political Science
ISBN: 9780190623616

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The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Theory provides a rich overview of the analytical frameworks and theoretical concepts that feminist theorists have developed to analyze the known world. Featuring leading feminist theorists from diverse regions of the globe, this collection delves into forty-nine subject areas, demonstrating the complexity of feminist challenges to established knowledge, while also engaging areas of contestation within feminist theory. Demonstrating the interdisciplinary nature of feminist theory, the chapters offer innovative analyses of topics central to social and political science, cultural studies and humanities, discourses associated with medicine and science, and issues in contemporary critical theory that have been transformed through feminist theorization. The handbook identifies limitations of key epistemic assumptions that inform traditional scholarship and shows how theorizing from women's and men's lives has profound effects on the conceptualization of central categories, whether the field of analysis is aesthetics, biology, cultural studies, development, economics, film studies, health, history, literature, politics, religion, science studies, sexualities, violence, or war.