Physiology For Engineers

This book provides an introduction to qualitative and quantitative aspects of human physiology. It examines biological and physiological processes and phenomena, including a selection of mathematical models, showing how physiological problems can be mathematically formulated and studied. It also illustrates how a wide range of engineering and physics topics, such as electronics, fluid dynamics, solid mechanics and control theory can be used to describe and understand physiological processes and systems. Throughout the text, there are introductions to measuring and quantifying physiological processes using both signaling and imaging technologies. This new edition includes updated material on pathophysiology, metabolism and the TCA cycle, as well as more advanced worked examples. This book describes the basic structure and models of cellular systems, the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, and the electrical and mechanical activity of the heart, and provides an overview of the structure and function of the respiratory and nervous systems. It also includes an introduction to the basic concepts and applications of reaction kinetics, pharmacokinetic modelling and tracer kinetics. It appeals to final year biomedical engineering undergraduates and graduates alike, as well as to practising engineers new to the fields of bioengineering or medical physics.

This fifth edition of “Engineering Physiology” has the same purpose as the earlier prints: to provide physiological information which engineers, designers, supervisors, managers and other planners need to make work and equipment “fit the human.” Chapters have been revised, figures and tables updated. New material discusses, among other topics, models of the human body that provide practical and design-oriented information, biomechanics describing the body’s capabilities and limitations, effects of shift work / sleep loss on attitude and performance, and new techniques to measure body sizes and the resultant changes in applications of that information. The book does not replace standard (biological-medical-chemical) textbooks on human physiology; instead, it provides information on human features and functions which are basic to ergonomics or human (factors) engineering, terms often used interchangeably. It helps lay the foundations for teamwork among engineers and physiologists, biologists and physicians. Bioengineering topics concern bones and tissues, neural networks, biochemical processes, bio- and anthromechanics, biosensors, perception of information and related actions, to mention just a few areas of common interest. Such understanding provides the underpinnings for devising work tasks, tools, workplaces, vehicles, work-rest schedules, human-machine systems, homes and designed environments so that we humans can work and live safely, efficiently and comfortably.

Physiology, Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering provides a multidisciplinary understanding of biological phenomena and the instrumentation for monitoring these phenomena. It covers the physical phenomena of electricity, pressure, and flow along with the adaptation of the physics of the phenomena to the special conditions and constraints of biological systems. While the text focuses on human biological systems, some of the principles also apply to plants, bacteria, and other animals. The first section of the book presents a general introduction to physiological systems and describes specialized methods used to record electrical events from biological tissue. The next part examines molecules involved in cell transport and signaling as well as the proteins relevant in cells’ ability to contract and generate tension. The text goes on to cover the properties of the heart, blood, and circulation and the monitoring of cardiac and circulatory function. It then discusses the importance of the interrelationship of pressures and flows in organ systems, such as the lungs and kidneys, and details the organization and function of the nervous system. After focusing on the systems used to monitor signals, the book explores modeling, biomechanics, and emerging technologies, including the progressive miniaturization of sensors and actuators in biomedical engineering. Developed from the authors’ courses in medical biophysics and biomedical instrumentation, this book shows how biophysics and biomedical engineering have advanced modern medicine. It brings together the physical principles underlying human physiological processes and the physical methods used to monitor these processes. Requiring only basic mathematical knowledge, the text supplements mathematical formulae with qualitative explanations and illustrations to encourage an intuitive grasp on the processes discussed.

This unified modeling textbook for students of biomedical engineering provides a complete course text on the foundations, theory and practice of modeling and simulation in physiology and medicine. It is dedicated to the needs of biomedical engineering and clinical students, supported by applied BME applications and examples. Developed for biomedical engineering and related courses: speaks to BME students at a level and in a language appropriate to their needs, with an interdisciplinary clinical/engineering approach, quantitative basis, and many applied examples to enhance learning Delivers a quantitative approach to modeling and also covers simulation: the perfect foundation text for studies across BME and medicine Extensive case studies and engineering applications from BME, plus end-of-chapter exercises

Control Theory in Biomedical Engineering: Applications in Physiology and Medical Robotics highlights the importance of control theory and feedback control in our lives and explains how this theory is central to future medical developments. Control theory is fundamental for understanding feedback paths in physiological systems (endocrine system, immune system, neurological system) and a concept for building artificial organs. The book is suitable for graduate students and researchers in the control engineering and biomedical engineering fields, and medical students and practitioners seeking to enhance their understanding of physiological processes, medical robotics (legs, hands, knees), and controlling artificial devices (pacemakers, insulin injection devices). Control theory profoundly impacts the everyday lives of a large part of the human population including the disabled and the elderly who use assistive and rehabilitation robots for improving the quality of their lives and increasing their independence. Gives an overview of state-of-the-art control theory in physiology, emphasizing the importance of this theory in the medical field through concrete examples, e.g., endocrine, immune, and neurological systems Takes a comprehensive look at advances in medical robotics and rehabilitation devices and presents case studies focusing on their feedback control Presents the significance of control theory in the pervasiveness of medical robots in surgery, exploration, diagnosis, therapy, and rehabilitation

Quantitative Human Physiology: An Introduction is the first text to meet the needs of the undergraduate bioengineering student who is being exposed to physiology for the first time, but requires a more analytical/quantitative approach. This book explores how component behavior produces system behavior in physiological systems. Through text explanation, figures, and equations, it provides the engineering student with a basic understanding of physiological principles with an emphasis on quantitative aspects. Features a quantitative approach that includes physical and chemical principles Provides a more integrated approach from first principles, integrating anatomy, molecular biology, biochemistry and physiology Includes clinical applications relevant to the biomedical engineering student (TENS, cochlear implants, blood substitutes, etc.) Integrates labs and problem sets to provide opportunities for practice and assessment throughout the course NEW FOR THE SECOND EDITION Expansion of many sections to include relevant information Addition of many new figures and re-drawing of other figures to update our understanding and clarify difficult areas Substantial updating of the text to reflect newer research results Addition of several new appendices including statistics, nomenclature of transport carriers, and structural biology of important items such as the neuromuscular junction and calcium release unit Addition of new problems within the problem sets Addition of commentary to power point presentations

Under the direction of John Enderle, Susan Blanchard and Joe Bronzino, leaders in the field have contributed chapters on the most relevant subjects for biomedical engineering students. These chapters coincide with courses offered in all biomedical engineering programs so that it can be used at different levels for a variety of courses of this evolving field. Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, Second Edition provides a historical perspective of the major developments in the biomedical field. Also contained within are the fundamental principles underlying biomedical engineering design, analysis, and modeling procedures. The numerous examples, drill problems and exercises are used to reinforce concepts and develop problem-solving skills making this book an invaluable tool for all biomedical students and engineers. New to this edition: Computational Biology, Medical Imaging, Genomics and Bioinformatics. * 60% update from first edition to reflect the developing field of biomedical engineering * New chapters on Computational Biology, Medical Imaging, Genomics, and Bioinformatics * Companion site: http://intro-bme-book.bme.uconn.edu/ * MATLAB and SIMULINK software used throughout to model and simulate dynamic systems * Numerous self-study homework problems and thorough cross-referencing for easy use

THEORY AND PRACTICE OF MODELING AND SIMULATING HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY Written by a coinventor of the Human Patient Simulator (HPS) and past president of the Society in Europe for Simulation Applied to Medicine (SESAM), Modeling and Simulation in Biomedical Engineering: Applications in Cardiorespiratory Physiology is a compact and consistent introduction to this expanding field. The book divides the modeling and simulation process into five manageable steps--requirements, conceptual models, mathematical models, software implementation, and simulation results and validation. A framework and a basic set of deterministic, continuous-time models for the cardiorespiratory system are provided. This timely resource also addresses advanced topics, including sensitivity analysis and setting model requirements as part of an encompassing simulation and simulator design. Practical examples provide you with the skills to evaluate and adapt existing physiologic models or create new ones for specific applications. Coverage includes: Signals and systems Model requirements Conceptual models Mathematical models Software implementation Simulation results and model validation Cardiorespiratory system model Circulation Respiration Physiologic control Sensitivity analysis of a cardiovascular model Design of model-driven acute care training simulators “Uniquely qualified to author such a text, van Meurs is one of the original developers of CAE Healthcare’s Human Patient Simulator (HPS). ...His understanding of mathematics, human physiology, pharmacology, control systems, and systems engineering, combined with a conversational writing style, results in a readable text. ...The ample illustrations and tables also break up the text and make reading the book easier on the eyes. ...concise yet in conversational style, with real-life examples. This book is highly recommended for coursework in physiologic modeling and for all who are interested in simulator design and development. The book pulls all these topics together under one cover and is an important contribution to biomedical literature.” --IEEE Pulse, January 2014 “This book is written by a professional engineer who is unique in that he seems to have a natural understanding of 3 key areas as follows: the hardware involved with simulators, human physiology, and mathematical modeling. Willem van Meurs is one of the inventors of the model-driven human patient simulator (HPS), and so, he is very qualified to write this book. The book is written in a clear way, using the first person throughout, in a conversational manner, with a style that involves posing questions and answering them in subsequent text. ...The book starts with a very useful introduction and background chapter, setting out the scene for the rest of the book. ...I have used his book in enhancing my own talks and understanding human patient simulation and can strongly recommend it.” --Simulation in Healthcare December, 2012 Reviewed by Mark A. Tooley, Ph.D., Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath, UK.