Polymer Green Flame Retardants

Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials

When dealing with challenges such as providing fire protection while considering cost, mechanical and thermal performance and simultaneously addressing increasing regulations that deal with composition of matter and life cycle issues, there are no quick, one-size-fits-all answers. Packed with comprehensive coverage, scientific approach, step-by-step directions, and a distillation of technical knowledge, the first edition of Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials broke new ground. It supplied a one-stop resource for the development of new fire safe materials. The editors have expanded the second edition to echo the multidisciplinary approach inherent in current flame retardancy technology and put it in a revised, more user-friendly format. More than just an update of previously covered topics, this edition discusses: additional fire retardant chemistry developments in regulations and standards new flame retardant approaches fire safety engineering modeling and fire growth phenomena The book introduces flame retardants polymer-by-polymer, supplemented by a brief overview of mode of action and interaction, and all the other ancillary issues involved in this applied field of materials science. The book delineates what, why, and how to do it, covering the fundamentals of polymer burning/combustion and how to apply these systems and chemistries to specific materials classes. It also provides suggested formulations, discusses why certain materials are preferred for particular uses or applications, and offers a starting point from which to develop fire-safe materials.

There are obvious benefits in using flame-retardants, as many human lives and property are saved from fire. A large number of compounds have been identified as being used as flame-retardants. At present, knowledge of long-term effects resulting from exposure to flame retardants and their breakdown products is limited. The aim of this volume in the book series New Concepts in Polymer Science is to provide a general overview of the nature, mechanism of action, use and environmental hazards for a number of flame-retardants. This monograph (together with the book by the same authors, Ecological Aspects of Polymer Flame Retardancy (1999) will valuable to anyone interested in the field of flame-retardant chemicals.

This book deals with the ecological aspects of polymer flame retardation. It deals with methods for estimating polymer flammability, the mode of action of modern flame retardants, and ecological concerns of the most used halogenated flame retardants.

Developing green and sustainable materials Polyurethane is one of the fastest-growing industries with a wide variety of commercial applications. Unfortunately, the high flammability of polyurethane foams restricts valuable developments. This two-volume (1399, 1400) set presents the state of the field of flame-retardant polyurethanes. This volume focuses on principles, materials, and applications of flame-retardant materials, including specific chapters on halogen-based flame retardants, nanomaterials, and industrial applications. This comprehensive set will be a valuable tool for scientists and researchers working on polyurethanes in both academia and industry.

Due to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardantswith alternate technologies, this handbook contains in one placeall of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardanttechnologies, as well as experimental systems nearcommercialization. This book focuses on non-halogenated flame retardants in aholistic but practical manner. It starts with an overview ofthe regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenatedflame retardant selection over older halogenatedtechnologies. It then moves into separate chapters coveringthe known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants. These chapters are written by known experts in those specificchemistries who are also industrial experts in how to apply thattechnology to polymers for fire safety needs. The handbookconcludes with some of the newer technologies in place that areeither niche performers or may be commercial in the nearfuture. Future trends in flame retardancy are alsodiscussed. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook book takes apractical approach to addressing the narrow subject ofnon-halogenated flame retardancy. This includes more emphasison flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practicalconsiderations in flame retardant material design, and what thestrengths and limits of these various technologies are. Previous flame retardant material science books have coverednon-halogenated flame retardants, but they focus more on how theywork rather than how to use them.

This volume addresses the state of the art in fire retardancy studies and the need for fire retardant chemicals and fire-retarded polymers, while considering the interrelationship among polymer degradation, fire retardant efficacy, fire testing and environmental concerns. The work examines the principles of polymer science with respect to fire retardancy.