Port Cybersecurity

Port Cybersecurity: Securing Critical Information Infrastructures and Supply Chains examines a paradigm shift in the way ports assess cyber risks and vulnerabilities, as well as relevant risk management methodologies, by focusing on initiatives and efforts that attempt to deal with the risks and vulnerabilities of port Critical Information Infrastructures (CII) ecosystems. Modern commercial shipping ports are highly dependent on the operation of complex, dynamic ICT systems and ICT-based maritime supply chains, making these central points in the maritime supply chain vulnerable to cybersecurity threats. Identifies barriers and gaps in existing port and supply chain security standards, policies, legislation and regulatory frameworks Identifies port threat scenarios and analyzes cascading effects in their supply chains Analyzes risk assessment methodologies and tools, identifying their open problems when applied to a port’s CIIs

U.S. maritime ports handle more than $1.3 trillion in cargo annually. The operations of these ports are supported by information and communication systems, which are susceptible to cyber-related threats. Failures in these systems could degrade or interrupt operations at ports, including the flow of commerce. Federal agencies -- in particular the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) -- and industry stakeholders have specific roles in protecting maritime facilities and ports from physical and cyber threats. The objective of this report was to identify the extent to which DHS and other stakeholders have taken steps to address cybersecurity in the maritime port environment. Figures. This is a print on demand report.

Maritime transport is a crucial activity for the European Union economy. It enables import and exports of goods, supply in energy, trade within the European Union and transport of passengers and vehicles. This activity relies on more than 1 200 seaports within the European Union, each with different organisation, interests, challenges and activities. The global digitalization trend and recent policies and regulations require ports to face new challenges with regards to information and communication technology (ICT). Ports tend to rely more on technologies to be more competitive, comply with some standards and policies and optimize operations. This brings new stakes and challenges in in the area of cybersecurity, both in the Information Technologies (IT) and Operation Technologies (OT) worlds. This report identifies those challenges, in relation to critical operations, stakeholder's ecosystem and assets identification. It then lists the main threats posing risks to the port ecosystem and describes key cyberattack scenarios that could impact them. This approach allowed the identification of security measures that ports shall put in place to better protect themselves from cyberattack. The main measures identified are described below and intend to serve as good practices for people responsible for cybersecurity implementation in Port Authorities and Terminal Operators (e.g. CISOs, CIOs etc.): - Define a clear governance around cybersecurity at port level, involving all stakeholders involved in port operations. Indeed, many companies are involved in port operation (port operators, Port Authority, pilotage company, shipping companies, etc.), it is crucial to ensure they are all involved in cybersecurity matters and aware about how they participate to the global port operation security. · Raise awareness of cybersecurity matters at port level and infuse a cybersecurity culture. Indeed, the maritime sector is historically very aware of safety and security matters, but it seems cybersecurity is not fully integrated yet in stakeholders' minds. This measure shall be combined with training, to ensure proper understanding of cybersecurity matters and ability to enforce it in daily operations. · Enforce the technical cybersecurity basics, like network segregation, updates management, password hardening, segregation of rights, etc. In the context of OT, with legacy systems that usually cannot be updated, network segregation and password protection are key to ensure a correct level of cybersecurity. - Consider security by design in applications, especially as ports use many systems, some of which are opened to third parties for data exchange. Any vulnerability on those systems can be a gate to compromise the port systems. · Enforce detection and response capabilities at port level to react as fast as possible to any cyberattack before it impacts port operation, safety or security. Ports can rely on simple detection measures such as alerts when a specific action is done (authentication attempt on a very critical asset for example) or search for Indicators of Compromise (IOC), or on more comprehensive, using machine learning to correlate information and identify compromising patterns. Such initiatives have already started to rise within ports ecosystem.

The term homeland security hardly existed before September 11, 2001, yet today it dominates public policy and the economic agendas of world governments. The transportation industries have been subjected to unprecedented scrutiny and regulatory mandates in recent years, and the port and maritime sector are no exception. Port Security Management refl

This book provides a comprehensive overview of smart ports and remote technologies in the maritime industry. It demonstrates how modern advances in artificial intelligence and robotics have transformed the shipping industry, and assesses the impact of this technology from a law and governance standpoint. The book covers a range of topics including port autonomous operations systems, cybersecurity, big data analytics, digitalization and blockchain to throw light on the opportunities and benefits of these new technologies in improving security and safety. It also considers the challenges and threats of their application. It concludes by examining the trajectory of national and international regulatory developments. The book will appeal to scholars and students of maritime technology, law and governance, as well as practitioners and policymakers. Chapters 8, 19 and 20 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

The United States has approximately 360 commercial sea and river ports that handle more than $1.3 trillion in cargo annually. A wide variety of goods, including automobiles, grain, and millions of cargo containers, travel through these ports each day. While no two ports are exactly alike, many share certain characteristics, like their size, general proximity to a metropolitan area, the volume of cargo being processed, and connections to complex transportation networks designed to move cargo and commerce as quickly as possible, that make them vulnerable to physical security threats. Entities within the maritime port environment are also vulnerable to cyber-based threats because maritime stakeholders rely on numerous types of information and communications technologies to manage the movement of cargo throughout ports. Examples of these technologies include the following:

Transportation Amid Pandemics: Practices and Policies is the first reference on pandemics (especially COVID-19) in the context of transport, logistics, and supply chains. This book investigates the relationships between pandemics and transport and evaluates impacts of COVID-19 and effects of policy responses to address them. It explores how to recover from pandemics, reveals governance for immediate policy responses and future innovations, suggests strategies for post-pandemic sustainable and resilient development, shares lessons of COVID-19 policymaking across countries, and discusses how to transform transport systems for a better future. Transportation Amid Pandemics offers transport researchers and policymakers the scientific evidence they need to support their decisions and solutions against pandemics. "Curiosity and research brought me to discover an excellent handbook covering the relations between COVID 19 and the transport reality. It is called "Transportation amid Pandemics –Lessons Learned from COVID-19" and has been published this year. 2022 happens to be the year of the 50th anniversary of the first report to The Club of Rome "The Limits to Growth". The new book covers evidences from all over the world, and offers policy recommendations from a great variety of perspectives". Ernst Ulrich von Weizsaecker Represents the collective efforts of the World Conference on Transport Research Society (WCTRS) Uniquely deals with intertwined issues of pandemics and transport Investigates both successful and problematic policy measures Emphasizes bvidence-based policymaking from cross-sectoral and transdisciplinary perspectives Transfers lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic to future generations