Probability And Statistical Inference

Normal 0 false false false For a one- or two-semester course; calculus background presumed, no previous study of probability or statistics is required. Written by three veteran statisticians, this applied introduction to probability and statistics emphasizes the existence of variation in almost every process, and how the study of probability and statistics helps us understand this variation. Designed for students with a background in calculus, this book continues to reinforce basic mathematical concepts with numerous real-world examples and applications to illustrate the relevance of key concepts.

This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Written by three veteran statisticians, this applied introduction to probability and statistics emphasizes the existence of variation in almost every process, and how the study of probability and statistics helps us understand this variation. Designed for students with a background in calculus, this book continues to reinforce basic mathematical concepts with numerous real-world examples and applications to illustrate the relevance of key concepts.

BOOK DESCRIPTION: Written by two leading statisticians, this applied introduction to the mathematics of probability and statistics emphasizes the existence of variation in almost every process, and how the study of probability and statistics helps us understand this variation. Designed for students with a background in calculus, this book continues to reinforce basic mathematical concepts with numerous real-world examples and applications to illustrate the relevance of key concepts. NEW TO THIS EDITION: The included CD-ROM contains all of the data sets in a variety of formats for use with most statistical software packages. This disc also includes several applications of Minitab® and Maple(tm). Historical vignettes at the end of each chapter outline the origin of the greatest accomplishments in the field of statistics, adding enrichment to the course. Content updates The first five chapters have been reorganized to cover a standard probability course with more real examples and exercises. These chapters are important for students wishing to pass the first actuarial exam, and cover the necessary material needed for students taking this course at the junior level. Chapters 6 and 7 on estimation and tests of statistical hypotheses tie together confidence intervals and tests, including one-sided ones. There are separate chapters on nonparametric methods, Bayesian methods, and Quality Improvement. Chapters 4 and 5 include a strong discussion on conditional distributions and functions of random variables, including Jacobians of transformations and the moment-generating technique. Approximations of distributions like the binomial and the Poisson with the normal can be found using the central limit theorem. Chapter 8 (Nonparametric Methods) includes most of the standards tests such as those by Wilcoxon and also the use of order statistics in some distribution-free inferences. Chapter 9 (Bayesian Methods) explains the use of the "Dutch book" to prove certain probability theorems. Chapter 11 (Quality Improvement) stresses how important W. Edwards Deming's ideas are in understanding variation and how they apply to everyday life. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Preface Prologue 1. Probability 1.1 Basic Concepts 1.2 Properties of Probability 1.3 Methods of Enumeration 1.4 Conditional Probability 1.5 Independent Events 1.6 Bayes's Theorem 2. Discrete Distributions 2.1 Random Variables of the Discrete Type 2.2 Mathematical Expectation 2.3 The Mean, Variance, and Standard Deviation 2.4 Bernoulli Trials and the Binomial Distribution 2.5 The Moment-Generating Function 2.6 The Poisson Distribution 3. Continuous Distributions 3.1 Continuous-Type Data 3.2 Exploratory Data Analysis 3.3 Random Variables of the Continuous Type 3.4 The Uniform and Exponential Distributions 3.5 The Gamma and Chi-Square Distributions 3.6 The Normal Distribution 3.7 Additional Models 4. Bivariate Distributions 4.1 Distributions of Two Random Variables 4.2 The Correlation Coefficient 4.3 Conditional Distributions 4.4 The Bivariate Normal Distribution 5. Distributions of Functions of Random Variables 5.1 Functions of One Random Variable 5.2 Transformations of Two Random Variables 5.3 Several Independent Random Variables 5.4 The Moment-Generating Function Technique 5.5 Random Functions Associated with Normal Distributions 5.6 The Central Limit Theorem 5.7 Approximations for Discrete Distributions 6. Estimation 6.1 Point Estimation 6.2 Confidence Intervals for Means 6.3 Confidence Intervals for Difference of Two Means 6.4 Confidence Intervals for Variances 6.5 Confidence Intervals for Proportions 6.6 Sample Size. 6.7 A Simple Regression Problem 6.8 More Regression 7. Tests of Statistical Hypotheses 7.1 Tests about Proportions 7.2 Tests about One Mean 7.3 Tests of the Equality of Two Means 7.4 Tests for Variances 7.5 One-Factor Analysis of Variance 7.6 Two-Factor Analysis of Variance 7.7 Tests Concerning Regression and Correlation 8. Nonparametric Methods 8.1 Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Tests 8.2 Contingency Tables 8.3 Order Statistics 8.4 Distribution-Free Confidence Intervals for Percentiles 8.5 The Wilcoxon Tests 8.6 Run Test and Test for Randomness 8.7 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness of Fit Test 8.8 Resampling Methods 9. Bayesian Methods 9.1 Subjective Probability 9.2 Bayesian Estimation 9.3 More Bayesian Concepts 10. Some Theory 10.1 Sufficient Statistics 10.2 Power of a Statistical Test 10.3 Best Critical Regions 10.4 Likelihood Ratio Tests 10.5 Chebyshev's Inequality and Convergence in Probability 10.6 Limiting Moment-Generating Functions 10.7 Asymptotic Distributions of Maximum Likelihood Estimators 11. Quality Improvement Through Statistical Methods 11.1 Time Sequences 11.2 Statistical Quality Control 11.3 General Factorial and 2k Factorial Designs 11.4 Understanding Variation A. Review of Selected Mathematical Techniques A.1 Algebra of Sets A.2 Mathematical Tools for the Hypergeometric Distribution A.3 Limits A.4 Infinite Series A.5 Integration A.6 Multivariate Calculus B. References C. Tables D. Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises

This user-friendly introduction to the mathematics of probability and statistics (for readers with a background in calculus) uses numerous applications--drawn from biology, education, economics, engineering, environmental studies, exercise science, health science, manufacturing, opinion polls, psychology, sociology, and sports--to help explain and motivate the concepts. A review of selected mathematical techniques is included, and an accompanying CD-ROM contains many of the figures (many animated), and the data included in the examples and exercises (stored in both Minitab compatible format and ASCII). Empirical and Probability Distributions. Probability. Discrete Distributions. Continuous Distributions. Multivariable Distributions. Sampling Distribution Theory. Importance of Understanding Variability. Estimation. Tests of Statistical Hypotheses. Theory of Statistical Inference. Quality Improvement Through Statistical Methods. For anyone interested in the Mathematics of Probability and Statistics.

Now updated in a valuable new edition—this user-friendly book focuses on understanding the "why" of mathematical statistics Probability and Statistical Inference, Second Edition introduces key probability and statis-tical concepts through non-trivial, real-world examples and promotes the developmentof intuition rather than simple application. With its coverage of the recent advancements in computer-intensive methods, this update successfully provides the comp-rehensive tools needed to develop a broad understanding of the theory of statisticsand its probabilistic foundations. This outstanding new edition continues to encouragereaders to recognize and fully understand the why, not just the how, behind the concepts,theorems, and methods of statistics. Clear explanations are presented and appliedto various examples that help to impart a deeper understanding of theorems and methods—from fundamental statistical concepts to computational details. Additional features of this Second Edition include: A new chapter on random samples Coverage of computer-intensive techniques in statistical inference featuring Monte Carlo and resampling methods, such as bootstrap and permutation tests, bootstrap confidence intervals with supporting R codes, and additional examples available via the book's FTP site Treatment of survival and hazard function, methods of obtaining estimators, and Bayes estimating Real-world examples that illuminate presented concepts Exercises at the end of each section Providing a straightforward, contemporary approach to modern-day statistical applications, Probability and Statistical Inference, Second Edition is an ideal text for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level courses in probability and statistical inference. It also serves as a valuable reference for practitioners in any discipline who wish to gain further insight into the latest statistical tools.

Priced very competitively compared with other textbooks at this level! This gracefully organized textbook reveals the rigorous theory of probability and statistical inference in the style of a tutorial, using worked examples, exercises, numerous figures and tables, and computer simulations to develop and illustrate concepts. Beginning wi

This concise, yet thorough, book is enhanced with simulations and graphs to build the intuition of readers Models for Probability and Statistical Inference was written over a five-year period and serves as a comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals of probability and statistical inference. With detailed theoretical coverage found throughout the book, readers acquire the fundamentals needed to advance to more specialized topics, such as sampling, linear models, design of experiments, statistical computing, survival analysis, and bootstrapping. Ideal as a textbook for a two-semester sequence on probability and statistical inference, early chapters provide coverage on probability and include discussions of: discrete models and random variables; discrete distributions including binomial, hypergeometric, geometric, and Poisson; continuous, normal, gamma, and conditional distributions; and limit theory. Since limit theory is usually the most difficult topic for readers to master, the author thoroughly discusses modes of convergence of sequences of random variables, with special attention to convergence in distribution. The second half of the book addresses statistical inference, beginning with a discussion on point estimation and followed by coverage of consistency and confidence intervals. Further areas of exploration include: distributions defined in terms of the multivariate normal, chi-square, t, and F (central and non-central); the one- and two-sample Wilcoxon test, together with methods of estimation based on both; linear models with a linear space-projection approach; and logistic regression. Each section contains a set of problems ranging in difficulty from simple to more complex, and selected answers as well as proofs to almost all statements are provided. An abundant amount of figures in addition to helpful simulations and graphs produced by the statistical package S-Plus(r) are included to help build the intuition of readers.

A carefully written text, suitable as an introductory course for second or third year students. The main scope of the text guides students towards a critical understanding and handling of data sets together with the ensuing testing of hypotheses. This approach distinguishes it from many other texts using statistical decision theory as their underlying philosophy. This volume covers concepts from probability theory, backed by numerous problems with selected answers.