Sanitation And Disease

The revised and updated second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment offers an interdisciplinary guide to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases. The authors discuss the pathogens, vectors, and their biology, morbidity and mortality that result from a lack of safe water and sanitation. The text also explores the distribution of these diseases and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them. The text includes contributions from authorities from the fields of climate change, epidemiology, environmental health, environmental engineering, global health, medicine, medical anthropology, nutrition, population, and public health. Covers the causes of individual diseases with basic information about the diseases and data on the distribution, prevalence, and incidence as well as interconnected factors such as environmental factors. The authors cover access to and maintenance of clean water, and guidelines for the safe use of wastewater, excreta, and grey water, plus examples of solutions. Written for students, and professionals in infectious disease, public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering, and international affairs, the second edition of Water and Sanitation Related Diseases and the Changing Environment isa comprehensive resource to the conditions responsible for water and sanitation related diseases.

"Sanitation Safety Planning (SSP) is a step-by-step risk based approach to assist in the implementation of the 2006 WHO Guidelines for Safe Use of Wastewater, Excreta and Greywater in Agriculture and Aquaculture. The approach can be applied to all sanitary systems to ensure the system is managed to meet health objectives. SSP assists users to: systematically identify and manage health risk along the sanitation chain; guide investment based on actual risks, to promote health benefits and minimize adverse health impacts; provide assurance to authorities and the public on the safety of sanitation-related products and services. The SSP manual is targeted at a variety of users at different levels including; health authorities and regulators, local authorities, wastewater utility managers, sanitation enterprises and farmers, community based organizations, farmers associations and NGOs. SSP brings together actors from different sectors to identify health risks in the sanitation system and agree on improvements and regular monitoring and underscores the leadership role of the health sector."--Publisher's description.

As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.

At the turn of the millennium, the world experienced a dramatic increase in funding for global health programs. Competing demands for these resources meant that policymakers needed access to valid, evidence-based information on the costs and consequences of a broad range of health interventions. By providing systematic and comparable information about purchasing health in LMICs, Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, Second Edition greatly informed and enriched these conversations and we hope -- improved resource allocations. Nearly ten years later, increased attention to chronic diseases and the importance of health systems in providing access to quality care is once again reshaping the global health landscape. Low- and middle-income countries are continuing to set priorities for funding and deploying specific interventions, but with a greater appreciation for the contribution of program and economic evaluation to informed decision-making. The need to make decisions across an increasingly complex set of policy and intervention choices, attuned to specific health system capabilities, makes a third iteration of Disease Control Priorities all the more critical. Similar to the first and second editions of Disease Control Priorities (DCP1 and DCP2), the aim of the third edition (DCP3) is to influence program design and resource allocation at global and country levels by providing an up-to-date comprehensive review of the effectiveness of priority health interventions. It presents systematic and comparable economic evaluations of selected interventions, delivery platforms, and policies based on newly developed economic methods. DCP3 further expands on the scope of intervention assessments found in DCP1 and DCP2 by presenting findings in nine individual volumes. It is clear that optimal global health programming requires a comprehensive evidence-base to help determine what works, what does not, how much it will cost. DCP3 will allow users to set global and national priorities for health in an informed manner."

"The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of governmentâ€"federal, state, and localâ€"at which these functions would best be handled.

Written by authorities from various related specialties, this bookpresents the most complete treatment possible of the conditionsresponsible for water- and sanitation-related diseases, thepathogens and their biology, morbidity and mortality resulting fromlack of safe water and sanitation, distribution of these diseases,and the conditions that must be met to reduce or eradicate them.Preventive measures and solutions are presented throughout. Thisbook is an essential resource for all graduate students,postdoctoral scholars, and professionals in infectious disease,public health and medicine, chemical and environmental engineering,and international affairs. Key features: Provides a comprehensive understanding of the interconnectionamong many factors related to water-related diseases, sanitationand hygiene Brings together experts from various specialties to addresseach area covered and to assist in bringing about the understandingof those interconnections Provides examples of successful interventions with knowledgeabout how they were brought about so that information can be use toreplicate the initiative in full or in part Provides an appreciation of the concerns and solutionsaddressed from an international perspective with high and lowtechnological solutions Provides insight into the international dimension of theseconcerns and how they can be best addressed Four hours of accompanying multimedia DVD on two discs Learn more about this title and share information with colleaguesand friends using this three-pageflier: http://www.solutions-site.org/dvd/insert.pdf

Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.