The Role of Biofilms in Device Related Infections

The Role of Biofilms in Device Related Infections
Author: Mark Shirtliff,Jeff G. Leid
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 276
Release: 2008-12-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783540681199

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Approximately 60% of all hospital-associated infections, over one million cases per year, are due to biofilms that have formed on indwelling medical devices. Device-related biofilm infections increase hospital stays and add over one billion dollars/year to U.S. hospitalization costs. Since the use and the types of indwelling medical devices commonly used in modern healthcare are continuously expanding, especially with an aging population, the incidence of biofilm infections will also continue to rise. The central problem with microbial biofilm infections of foreign bodies is their propensity to resist clearance by the host immune system and all antimicrobial agents tested to date. In fact, compared to their free floating, planktonic counterparts, microbes within a biofilm are 50 – 500 times more resistant to antimicrobial agents. Therefore, achieving therapeutic and non-lethal dosing regimens within the human host is impossible. The end result is a conversion from an acute infection to one that is persistent, chronic, and recurrent, most often requiring device removal in order to eliminate the infection. This text will describe the major types of device-related infections, and will explain the host, pathogen, and the unique properties of their interactions in order to gain a better understanding of these recalcitrant infections.

Biofilm Infections

Biofilm Infections
Author: Thomas Bjarnsholt,Peter Østrup Jensen,Claus Moser,Niels Høiby
Publsiher: Springer
Total Pages: 0
Release: 2014-10-11
Genre: Science
ISBN: 1489982280

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This book will cover both the evidence for biofilms in many chronic bacterial infections as well as the problems facing these infections such as diagnostics and treatment regimes. A still increasing interest and emphasis on the sessile bacterial lifestyle biofilms has been seen since it was realized that that less than 0.1% of the total microbial biomass lives in the planktonic mode of growth. The term was coined in 1978 by Costerton et al. who defined the term biofilm for the first time.In 1993 the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognised that the biofilmmode of growth was relevant to microbiology. Lately many articles have been published on the clinical implications of bacterial biofilms. Both original articles and reviews concerning the biofilm problem are available.

Bacterial Biofilms

Bacterial Biofilms
Author: Tony Romeo
Publsiher: Springer Science & Business Media
Total Pages: 294
Release: 2008-02-26
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783540754183

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Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.

Microbial Biofilms in Healthcare

Microbial Biofilms in Healthcare
Author: Karen Vickery
Publsiher: MDPI
Total Pages: 166
Release: 2020-03-16
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783039284108

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Biofilms are ubiquitous and their presence in industry can lead to production losses. However, nowhere do biofilms impact human health and welfare as much as those that are found contaminating the healthcare environment, surgical instruments, equipment, and medical implantable devices. Approximately 70% of healthcare-associated infections are due to biofilm formation, resulting in increased patient morbidity and mortality. Biofilms formed on medical implants are recalcitrant to antibiotic treatment, which leaves implant removal as the principal treatment option. In this book, we investigate the role of biofilms in breast and dental implant disease and cancer. We include in vitro models for investigating treatment of chronic wounds and disinfectant action against Candida sp. Also included are papers on the most recent strategies for treating biofilm infection ranging from antibiotics incorporated into bone void fillers to antimicrobial peptides and quorum sensing.

Biofilm Mediated Diseases Causes and Controls

Biofilm Mediated Diseases  Causes and Controls
Author: Rina Rani Ray,Moupriya Nag,Dibyajit Lahiri
Publsiher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 284
Release: 2021-05-05
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9789811607455

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This book reviews the current concepts in biofilm formation and its implications in human health and disease. The initial chapters introduce the mechanisms of biofilm formation and its composition. Subsequently, the chapters discuss the role of biofilm in acute and chronic infections. It also explores the pivotal role of both innate and adaptive immunity on the course of biofilm infection. In addition, the book elucidates the bacterial biofilm formation on implantable devices and the current approaches to its treatment and prevention. It analyzes the possible relationship between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation. Finally, the book also summarizes the current state-of-the-art therapeutic approaches for preventing and treating biofilms. This book is a useful resource for researchers in the field of microbiology, clinical microbiology, and also medical practitioners.

Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices

Handbook of Polymer Applications in Medicine and Medical Devices
Author: Paul Stoodley,Luanne Hall-Stoodley,Bill Costerton,Patrick DeMeo,Mark Shirtliff,Ellen Gawalt,Sandeep Kathju
Publsiher: Elsevier Inc. Chapters
Total Pages: 368
Release: 2013-12-05
Genre: Technology & Engineering
ISBN: 9780128076675

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The initial design criteria in the choice of indwelling materials for medical and dental purposes may be pragmatic, and based on the necessary mechanical properties required to fashion a functional device. Orthopedic implants require strong materials for weight-bearing, and articulating surfaces such as joints require durability and resistance to wear. Stents and shunts require flexibility and patency, and sutures require a high tensile strength yet also must be flexible enough for intricate manipulation. As the devices became more sophisticated and developments in materials science provided more options for manufacture, implants are being used more frequently and with longer anticipated lifetimes. Concurrently, the design process increasingly incorporated biocompatibility and comfort into the design criteria. However, with longer lifetimes, the more frequent use of invasive surgical procedures involving indwelling devices and biologically-friendly materials, there has been a rise in the number of incidences of device-related infection. Urinary catheters have been estimated to account for 30% of all nosocomial infections [1]. Between 66 and 88% of these occur after urinary catheterization [2]. It is also reported that almost 100% of catheterized patients develop an infection in an openly draining indwelling catheter which has been in place for four days or more [2]. For some procedures, such as orthopedic joint arthroplasties, the diagnosed surgical site infection rates are relatively low (between 1% and 2%; [3]); however, the increasing number of patients undergoing joint-replacement surgery translates to large numbers of patients afflicted with the consequences of complicating infections per year. Furthermore, infection of artificial joints can be devastating, since oral or IV antibiotic therapy frequently fails to resolve the infection, with the only remaining course of action being surgical debridement or partial or total revision. These two examples, the first with very high numbers of patients but of lesser severity in terms of impact to the individual, and the second, low numbers but severe patient impact, reflect the incentive to pursue a third design criteria—that of infection resistance—into materials and devices [4]. In the following sections we will discuss the role of bacterial biofilms in infection, and the growing literature highlighting biofilms as an important cause of device-related infection.

Bacterial Biofilms

Bacterial Biofilms
Author: Sadik Dincer,Melis Sümengen Özdenefe,Afet Arkut
Publsiher: BoD – Books on Demand
Total Pages: 362
Release: 2020-10-07
Genre: Science
ISBN: 9781789858990

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This book examines biofilms in nature. Organized into four parts, this book addresses biofilms in wastewater treatment, inhibition of biofilm formation, biofilms and infection, and ecology of biofilms. It is designed for clinicians, researchers, and industry professionals in the fields of microbiology, biotechnology, ecology, and medicine as well as graduate and postgraduate students.

Biofilms in Human Diseases Treatment and Control

Biofilms in Human Diseases  Treatment and Control
Author: Sunil Kumar,Niharika Chandra,Leena Singh,Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi,Ajit Varma
Publsiher: Springer Nature
Total Pages: 318
Release: 2019-11-19
Genre: Medical
ISBN: 9783030307578

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This book highlights treatment strategies for bacterial biofilms in connection with a variety of human diseases. In particular, it reviews bacterial biofilm formation and its mechanism. Topics covered include biofilms in human health, the role of biofilms in mediating human diseases, and methods for testing bacterial biofilms. Further sections concentrate on biofilm-mediated diseases in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract, while therapeutic strategies for biofilm control and natural agents that disrupt bacterial biofilms are also covered. Readers will also find the latest advances in probiotics and biofilms, as well as the use of probiotics to counteract biofilm-associated infections. Biofilms and antimicrobial resistance are discussed. Subsequent chapters address the management of inflammatory bowel disease via probiotics biofilms, as well as the role of probiotics bacteria in the treatment of human diseases associated with bacterial biofilms. The book is chiefly intended for clinicians/scientists in the fields of medical microbiology, applied microbiology, biochemistry, and biotechnology.