Vanadium

The first comprehensive resource on the chemistry of vanadium, Vanadium: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Practical Applications has evolved from over a quarter century of research that concentrated on delineating the aqueous coordination reactions that characterize the vanadium(V) oxidation state. The authors distill information on biological processes needed to understand vanadium effects in biological systems and make this information accessible to a wide range of readers, including chemists without extensive biological training. Building a hierarchy of complexity, the book provides a discussion of some basic principles of 51V NMR spectroscopy followed by a description of the self-condensation reactions of vanadate itself. The authors delineate reactions with simple monodentate ligands and then proceed to more complicated systems such as diols, a-hydroxy acids, amino acids, peptides, to name just a few. They revisit aspects of this sequence later, but first highlight the influence the electronic properties of ligands have on coordination and reactivity. They then compare and contrast the influences of ligands, particularly those of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxylamine, on heteroligand reactivity. The book includes coverage of vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases and model systems, vanadium in the environment, and technological applications. It also briefly covers the catalytic reactions of peroxovanadate and haloperoxidase model compounds. It contains a discussion of the vanadium haloperoxidases and the biological and biochemical activities of vanadium(V) including potential pharmacological applications. The last chapters step outside these boundaries by introducing some aspects of the future of vanadium in nanotechnology, the recyclable redox battery, and the lithium/silver vanadium oxide battery. Primary sources documented after each chapter minimize the need to search the literature, 80 illustrations provide structural information, reaction schemes, spectra, speciation diagrams, and biochemical schemes, and 22 tables present detailed information with references to primary sources. Packed with current and authoritative information, the book covers chemistry and bioinorganic vanadium chemistry in a broad and systematic manner that engenders comprehensive understanding.

Vanadium is named after Vanadis, the most aristocratic of Norse goddesses, who symbolises beauty and fertility - essential features of vanadium chemistry. It is a ubiquitous trace element, with a surprising range of biological functions. In Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry, Dieter Rehder addresses the major aspects of vanadium chemistry related to living organisms and the mutual impact between biological and inorganic vanadium chemistry. Topics covered include: the history, natural occurrence, distribution and impact of vanadium inorganic aspects of the function of vanadium in biological systems interaction of aqueous vanadate and vanadyl with biogenic ligands vanadium coordination compounds the vanadium-carbon bond methods of characterisation of biogenic and model vanadium systems (EPR and ENDOR for oxovanadium(IV); 51V NMR for vanadium(V); XAS) vanadium in ascidians and polychaeta worms the concentration of vanadium in the form of amavadin by Amanita mushrooms vanadate-dependent haloperoxidases vanadium and the nitrogen cycle vanadate as energiser for bacteria, and vanadophores medicinal aspectsm including the anti-diabetic potential of vanadium compounds interaction of vanadium with proteins and protein substrates vanadium and phosphate-metabolising enzymes Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry conveys the essential aspects of vanadium bioinorganic chemistry, making this book a valuable complement to more general bioinorganic chemistry texts and more specialized topical reviews for researchers and students alike.

The present work explores the reactivities of gaseous vanadium, vanadium-oxide, and oxovanadium-hydroxide clusters toward methanol and small hydrocarbons. Various means of mass-spectrometric techniques, isotopic labeling studies, infrared photodissociation spectroscopy, and complementary DFT-calculations are employed for this purpose. Additionally, the hydrogen-atom abstraction process from methane by polynuclear metal oxides is discussed. This work contributes to a better understanding of the metal-oxide cluster's catalytic activity on a molecular scale.

Vanadium: Extraction, Manufacturing and Applications offers systematic coverage of the state-of-the-art in research and development of vanadium. Five chapters cover the basic background of vanadium, including extraction, applications, and the development of vanadium in industry and manufacturing, with a focus on industrial Panzhihua in China, which has one of the largest reserves of vanadium in the world. Based on the author’s 30+ years of experience in vanadium-based materials, including in industrial development, this book provides a solution for understanding the nature, sourcing, manufacture, and uses of vanadium in high-tech industry. Vanadium is critical to high-tech industry, and is used as a catalyst and as a functional material. It has applications including in high-stress alloys, batteries and supercapacitors, and catalysts. Research on vanadium has accelerated rapidly in scope and depth in recent years. Covers the different vanadium extraction processes Describes the configuration of industry relating to vanadium, focusing on products and processes Details vanadium applications in technology and in relation to particular product categories Considers the case of vanadium resource shortages, and the industry response Provides the necessary background to the theory, practice, technology, and manufacture of vanadium in contemporary industry