Vector Surveillance And Control At Ports Airports And Ground Crossings

The purpose of this handbook is to provide guidance to Member States on the practical aspects of maintaining sanitary standards at international borders at ports, airports, and ground crossings (points of entry) as set out in the International Health Regulations (2005). It provides technical advice for developing a comprehensive program for systematic monitoring of disease vectors and integrated vector control at points of entry. This includes standardizing procedures at points of entry and ensuring a sufficient monitoring and response capacity with the necessary infrastructure for surveillance and control of vectors. In addition, this handbook serves as reference material for port health officers, regulators, port operators, and other competent authorities in charge of implementing the IHR (2005) at points of entry and on conveyances. This publication was developed jointly by the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases Vector Ecology and Management Unit and the Department of Global Capacities, Alert and Response, Ports, Airports and Ground Crossings Team.

Article 54 of the IHR request that States Parties and the Director-General shall report to the World Health Assembly (WHA) on the implementation of these Regulations as decided by the WHA. In 2008, the WHA, through the adoption of Resolution WHA61(2), and later on 2018 with the Resolution WHA71(15), confirmed that “that States Parties and the Director-General shall continue to report annually to the WHA on the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005), using the self-assessment annual reporting tool”. The IHR State Party self-assessment annual reporting tool (SPAR) is intended to support State Parties to fulfil these obligations. The submission of IHR Annual Reports using the SPAR tool allows the WHO Secretariat to compile a consistent report for the WHA. The second edition of SPAR (2021) has 15 capacities and 35 indicators compared to 13 capacities and 24 indicators in the previous version used from 2018 to 2020 reporting periods. The summary of results from the annual reports have been used to report to the World Health Assembly since 64th WHA in 2010, and country profiles have been made available on the e-SPAR platform, the Strategic Partnership for Health Security and Emergency Preparedness (SPH) Portal and WHO Global Health Observatory (GHO) data web page.

ÔThe present book is a much needed publication on climate change adaptation law. It is a collaborative effort of distinguished experts from around the world and adopts a holistic approach to adaptation, taking a global view, with a focus on the international, the regional and domestic levels. This publication has a wealth of information, illustrating the issue of adaptation with many examples from all over the world. One of the most valuable aspects of this book, ensuring that it will have a lasting value, is that it discusses all fields of law, which are vulnerable to climate change (such as tort law; insurance law; disaster law; marine law; water law; planning law; construction law; environmental law; forestry; energy law; biodiversity). The book also includes general issues of adaptation, such as climate justice and the relationship between adaptation and development; human rights in the context of migration law and compensation. It is written in a very accessible language and will be an indispensible reading for both scholars and practitioners. The content and structure of the book make it a definitive book on climate adaptation.Õ Ð Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Queen Mary, University of London, UK ÔThis book indeed will become the definitive text on climate adaptation law for the coming years! From a global law perspective, Verschuuren and his team analyse in an outstanding way the legal challenges and barriers to climate change adaptation and how they can be overcome. Just like climate change, this book is here to stay!Õ Ð Kurt Deketelaere, KU Leuven/League of European Research Universities (LERU), Belgium This timely Research Handbook discusses the challenges brought about by the need to adapt to a changing climate. It considers how adaptation is necessary to address impacts resulting from the warming of the EarthÕs atmosphere which is already unavoidable due to past emissions. With adaptation policies around the world still in their infancy, the book examines the legal challenges and barriers to climate change adaptation and how can they be overcome. It brings together expert contributors to consider topics ranging across tort and insurance law, disaster law, water law, marine law, planning law, biodiversity law, green buildings, pollution control, displacement, agriculture and energy. With its transnational and multilevel approach, the Research Handbook on Climate Change Adaptation Law will be an essential resource for academics in the field of climate change policy and law, policymakers and other government officials working on climate change, and NGOs working in the field of climate change.

In response to the call of the 48th World Health Assembly for a substantial revision of the International Health Regulations, this new edition of the Regulations will enter into force on June 15, 2007. The purpose and scope of the Regulations are "to prevent, protect against, control and provide a public health response to the international spread of disease in ways that are commensurate with and restricted to public health risks, and which avoid unnecessary interference with international traffic and trade." The Regulations also cover certificates applicable to international travel and transport, and requirements for international ports, airports and ground crossings.

The third edition of A Guide to Hygiene and Sanitation in Aviation addresses water, food, waste disposal, cleaning and disinfection, vector control and cargo safety, with the ultimate goal of assisting all types of airport and aircraft operators and all other responsible bodies in achieving high standards of hygiene and sanitation, to protect travellers and crews engaged in air transport. Each topic is addressed individually, with guidelines that provide procedures and quality specifications that are to be achieved. The guidelines apply to domestic and international air travel for all developed and developing countries.