Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests

Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests
Author: Frank S Corotto
Publsiher: Elsevier
Total Pages: 212
Release: 2022-10-14
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9780323952859

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Few students sitting in their introductory statistics class learn that they are being taught the product of a misguided effort to combine two methods into one. Few students learn that some think the method they are being taught should be banned. Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests: A Practitioner’s Handbook follows one of the two methods that were combined: the approach championed by Ronald Fisher. Fisher’s method is simple, intuitive, and immune to criticism. Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests is also a user-friendly handbook meant for practitioners. Rather than overwhelming the reader with endless mathematical operations that are rarely performed by hand, the author of Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests emphasizes concepts and reasoning. In Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests, the author explains what is accomplished by testing null hypotheses—and what is not. The author explains the misconceptions that concern null hypothesis testing. He explains why confidence intervals show the results of null hypothesis tests, performed backwards. Most importantly, the author explains the Big Secret. Many—some say all—null hypotheses must be false. But authorities tell us we should test false null hypotheses anyway to determine the direction of a difference that we know must be there (a topic unrelated to so-called one-tailed tests). In Wise Use of Null Hypothesis Tests, the author explains how to control how often we get the direction wrong (it is not half of alpha) and commit a Type III (or Type S) error. Offers a user-friendly book, meant for the practitioner, not a comprehensive statistics book Based on the primary literature, not other books Emphasizes the importance of testing null hypotheses to decide upon direction, a topic unrelated to so-called one-tailed tests Covers all the concepts behind null hypothesis testing as it is conventionally understood, while emphasizing a superior method Covers everything the author spent 32 years explaining to others: the debate over correcting for multiple comparisons, the need for factorial analysis, the advantages and dangers of repeated measures, and more Explains that, if we test for direction, we are practicing an unappreciated and unnamed method of inference

Null Hypothesis Testing

Null Hypothesis Testing
Author: Frank S Corotto
Publsiher: Unknown
Total Pages: 110
Release: 2019-07-30
Genre: Electronic Book
ISBN: 1086162560

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Do you have a secret? Are you unsure what you accomplish by testing null hypotheses? Do you ask your colleagues which test to use, perhaps after you have collected the data? Are you perplexed by your statistics book with its technical jargon, italicized symbols, and endless mathematical operations you will never perform by hand? With Null Hypothesis Testing: Demystified! you can be the expert. You can learn the logic behind testing nulls, the simple principles that underly the mathematics of the tests, why different types of tests are required for different types of data, how to design research studies around the null hypothesis tests you will perform, and how to draw the right conclusions from those tests. It's easy!You can learn why many nulls that cannot possibly be true, but it is important to test them anyway! You can learn why P is not the probability of a type I error, why a null hypothesis is not always a statement of no difference, why the alternative or alternate hypothesis (as it is usually defined) is completely useless, why significance is so widely misunderstood that it would better to use another word, why the null should not be accepted just because P > alpha, and more. The practice of testing nulls has been fiercely debated for decades. With Null Hypothesis Testing: Demystified! you can learn what would be the best outcome of that debate-wise use.Null Hypothesis Testing: Demystified! is not a substitute for a traditional statistics book, but rather a complement to such a book. The author of Null Hypothesis Testing: Demystified! uses prose in place of italicized symbols, real world examples of null hypotheses, and only a few mathematical examples to illustrate important points. Null Hypothesis Testing: Demystified! emphasizes concepts and practical application. You really can be the expert, and it is all remarkably simple!

Statistical Power Analysis

Statistical Power Analysis
Author: Kevin R. Murphy,Brett Myors,Kevin Murphy,Allen Wolach
Publsiher: Routledge
Total Pages: 211
Release: 2003-08-01
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9781135625320

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This book presents a simple and general method for conducting statistical power analysis based on the widely used F statistic. The book illustrates how these analyses work and how they can be applied to problems of studying design, to evaluate others' research, and to choose the appropriate criterion for defining "statistically significant" outcomes. Statistical Power Analysis examines the four major applications of power analysis, concentrating on how to determine: *the sample size needed to achieve desired levels of power; *the level of power that is needed in a study; *the size of effect that can be reliably detected by a study; and *sensible criteria for statistical significance. Highlights of the second edition include: a CD with an easy-to-use statistical power analysis program; a new chapter on power analysis in multi-factor ANOVA, including repeated-measures designs; and a new One-Stop PV Table to serve as a quick reference guide. The book discusses the application of power analysis to both traditional null hypothesis tests and to minimum-effect testing. It demonstrates how the same basic model applies to both types of testing and explains how some relatively simple procedures allow researchers to ask a series of important questions about their research. Drawing from the behavioral and social sciences, the authors present the material in a nontechnical way so that readers with little expertise in statistical analysis can quickly obtain the values needed to carry out the power analysis. Ideal for students and researchers of statistical and research methodology in the social, behavioral, and health sciences who want to know how to apply methods of power analysis to their research.

Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis Testing
Author: Lee Baker
Publsiher: Lee Baker
Total Pages: 33
Release: 2024
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9182736450XXX

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If you have a degree in statistics, you probably know how to choose the correct statistical hypothesis test and you might not learn anything from this book. Then again, you just might… Kristen Kehrer, who has a Master’s degree in statistics, said: “Lee Baker has developed a wonderful visual aid which, frankly, I wish I had when I was first learning about all the different types of test statistics”. The aid she’s talking about is a statistical test flow chart that I call The Hypothesis Wheel, and is what you’ll learn about in Hypothesis Testing. If you’re one of the 99% of researchers and analysts who use statistics but have never studied it at University, then this book is for you. Hypothesis Testing is a short guide to learning how to ask all the right questions of your data to help you in choosing the correct statistical hypothesis test, aided by The Hypothesis Wheel. It is a snappy little non-threatening book about everything you ever wanted to know (but were afraid to ask) about choosing the correct hypothesis test, answers the most frequently asked questions and inspires you to take the next steps in your journey. First, I’ll explain what statistical hypothesis testing is in simple terms. Then I’ll show you how to write a good hypothesis for your study. You’ll learn the difference between a scientific hypothesis and a statistical hypothesis, and between the Null and Alternative hypotheses. Then I’ll introduce to you the Hypothesis Wheel and show you how to use it to choose the correct hypothesis test for your study, first time, every time. By the time you’ve read Hypothesis Testing, you’ll know as much about choosing hypothesis tests as a statistician with a PhD! Yes, really. I’ve left nothing out! Hypothesis Testing makes no assumptions about your previous experience and is perfect for beginners and those just getting started with analysing data. Discover the world of hypothesis testing and choosing the correct statistical test. Get this book, TODAY!

Statistical Power Analysis

Statistical Power Analysis
Author: Brett Myors,Kevin R. Murphy
Publsiher: Taylor & Francis
Total Pages: 251
Release: 2023-03-03
Genre: Psychology
ISBN: 9781000843200

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Statistical Power Analysis explains the key concepts in statistical power analysis and illustrates their application in both tests of traditional null hypotheses (that treatments or interventions have no effect in the population) and in tests of the minimum-effect hypotheses (that the population effects of treatments or interventions are so small that they can be safely treated as unimportant). It provides readers with the tools to understand and perform power analyses for virtually all the statistical methods used in the social and behavioral sciences. Brett Myors and Kevin Murphy apply the latest approaches of power analysis to both null hypothesis and minimum-effect testing using the same basic unified model. This book starts with a review of the key concepts that underly statistical power. It goes on to show how to perform and interpret power analyses, and the ways to use them to diagnose and plan research. We discuss the uses of power analysis in correlation and regression, in the analysis of experimental data, and in multilevel studies. This edition includes new material and new power software. The programs used for power analysis in this book have been re-written in R, a language that is widely used and freely available. The authors include R codes for all programs, and we have also provided a web-based app that allows users who are not comfortable with R to perform a wide range of analyses using any computer or device that provides access to the web. Statistical Power Analysis helps readers design studies, diagnose existing studies, and understand why hypothesis tests come out the way they do. The fifth edition includes updates to all chapters to accommodate the most current scholarship, as well as recalculations of all examples. This book is intended for graduate students and faculty in the behavioral and social sciences; researchers in other fields will find the concepts and methods laid out here valuable and applicable to studies in many domains.

Statistical modeling a fresh approach

Statistical modeling   a fresh approach
Author: Daniel Theodore Kaplan
Publsiher: Unknown
Total Pages: 388
Release: 2011
Genre: Mathematical statistics
ISBN: 0983965870

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"Statistical Modeling: A Fresh Approach introduces and illuminates the statistical reasoning used in modern research throughout the natural and social sciences, medicine, government, and commerce. It emphasizes the use of models to untangle and quantify variation in observed data. By a deft and concise use of computing coupled with an innovative geometrical presentation of the relationship among variables. A Fresh Approach reveals the logic of statistical inference and empowers the reader to use and understand techniques such as analysis of covariance that appear widely in published research but are hardly ever found in introductory texts."-- book cover

Statistical Power Analysis

Statistical Power Analysis
Author: Kevin R. Murphy,Brett Myors,Allen Wolach
Publsiher: Routledge
Total Pages: 226
Release: 2011-04-27
Genre: Education
ISBN: 9781136910418

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First Published in 2009. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Statistical Power Analysis

Statistical Power Analysis
Author: Brett Myors,Kevin R. Murphy,Allen Wolach
Publsiher: Routledge
Total Pages: 244
Release: 2014-05-16
Genre: Business & Economics
ISBN: 9781317680574

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Noted for its accessible approach, this text applies the latest approaches of power analysis to both null hypothesis and minimum-effect testing using the same basic unified model. Through the use of a few simple procedures and examples, the authors show readers with little expertise in statistical analysis how to obtain the values needed to carry out the power analysis for their research. Illustrations of how these analyses work and how they can be used to choose the appropriate criterion for defining statistically significant outcomes are sprinkled throughout. The book presents a simple and general model for statistical power analysis based on the F statistic and reviews how to determine: the sample size needed to achieve desired levels of power; the level of power needed in a study; the size of effect that can be reliably detected by a study; and sensible criteria for statistical significance. The book helps readers design studies, diagnose existing studies, and understand why hypothesis tests come out out the way they do. The fourth edition features: -New Boxed Material sections provide examples of power analysis in action and discuss unique issues that arise as a result of applying power analyses in different designs. -Many more worked examples help readers apply the concepts presented. -Expanded coverage of power analysis for multifactor analysis of variance (ANOVA) to show readers how to analyze up to four factors with repeated measures on any or all of the factors. -Re-designed and expanded web based One Stop F Calculator software and data sets that allow users to perform all of the book's analyses and conduct significance tests, power analyses, and assessments of N and alpha needed for traditional and minimum-effects tests. -Easy to apply formulas for approximating the number of subjects required to reach adequate levels of power in a wide range of studies. Intended as a supplement for graduate/advanced undergraduate courses in research methods or experimental design, intermediate, advanced, or multivariate statistics, statistics II, or psychometrics, taught in psychology, education, business, and other social and health sciences, researchers also appreciate the book‘s applied approach.