A Collection Of Diophantine Problems With Solutions

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Excerpt from A Collection of Diophantine Problems With Solutions It is required to find four affirmative integer numbers, such that the sum of every two of them shall be a cube. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

This problem-solving book is an introduction to the study of Diophantine equations, a class of equations in which only integer solutions are allowed. The presentation features some classical Diophantine equations, including linear, Pythagorean, and some higher degree equations, as well as exponential Diophantine equations. Many of the selected exercises and problems are original or are presented with original solutions. An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach is intended for undergraduates, advanced high school students and teachers, mathematical contest participants — including Olympiad and Putnam competitors — as well as readers interested in essential mathematics. The work uniquely presents unconventional and non-routine examples, ideas, and techniques.

This textbook presents an elementary introduction to number theory and its different aspects: approximation of real numbers, irrationality and transcendence problems, continued fractions, diophantine equations, quadratic forms, arithmetical functions and algebraic number theory. These topics are covered in 12 chapters and more than 200 solved exercises. Clear, concise, and self-contained, this textbook may be used by undergraduate and graduate students, as well as highschool mathematics teachers. More generally, it will be suitable for all those who are interested in number theory, this fascinating branch of mathematics.

Diophantine equations are polynomial equations with integer coefficients for which only integer solutions are sought. In his great work "Arithmetica", the Greek mathematician Diophantus of Alexandria, (born in Alexandria Egypt in 200 AD and died in 284 AD), known as the father of Algebra, studied and solved such types of equations, (integer coefficients and integer solutions), of the first up to the fourth degree. These equations are now known as "Diophantine equations". A characteristic feature of Diophantine equations is that in these equations the number of equations is smaller than the number of unknowns. For example, we may have one equation with two unknowns, or one equation with three unknowns, or a system of two equations with three unknowns, etc. While in the set of real numbers R these types of equations, (fewer equations than number of unknowns), are indeterminate, in the set of integers Z={... -3, -2, -1,0,1,2,3, ...} or in the set of natural numbers N={1,2,3,4, ...}, these equations may or may not have integer solutions, (depending on the coefficients of the equations). In this book we provide a systematic introduction to Diophantine equations, with emphasis on the solution of various problems. The first two chapters are devoted to first degree Diophantine equations and systems, (linear equations and systems), while the third chapter is devoted to second degree Diophantine equations and systems. Among other equations, in this chapter, we study the Pythagorean equation (x^2+y^2=z^2), and the Pell's equation (x^2-ky^2=1). The solution of Pell's equation is achieved by a really brilliant method, which is attributed to Lagrange. Various examples of higher degree Diophantine equations are considered in chapter 4. The analytic description of the material covered in this book can be found in the table of contents. The book is concluded with a collection of 40 miscellaneous, challenging problems, with answers and detailed remarks and hints. In total, the book contains 55 solved examples and 105 problems for solution.