A Primer On Soviet Superalloys

Soviet nickel-base and cobalt-base alloys for high-temperature operation are described. Wrought and cast turbine blading alloys are included, as well as oxidation-resistant sheet alloys. Mechanical and physical properties of each alloy are assembled, and a detailed list of references is presented. Where possible, the specific applications are noted. It was concluded that the Soviets have made significant contributions to superalloy development, having successfully circumvented a shortage of cobalt and molybdenum. (Author).

Nickel is probably the most versatile of the metallic elements. Among alloys containing nickel are some having high corrosion resistance and others that retain excellent strength and ductility from temperatures approaching ab solute zero to those near 2000 F. Some nickel alloys are strongly magnetic, others are virtually nonmagnetic; some have low rates of thermal expansion, others have high rates; some have high electrical resistivities; some have practically constant moduli of elasticity; one has an "elastic" memory. In addition, nickel is magnetostrictive. With this wide range of characteristics, it is not surprising that there are several thousand alloys containing nickel. It is impossible to consider all of these compositions in this publication and, therefore, several alloys in each of a number of categories have been selected to indicate the properties to be expected of the group. Low-alloy and constructional nickel-containing steels have been excluded on two grounds. To do them justice would require excessive space and, in addition, their applications differ generally from these of the materials under discussion. On the other hand, nickel-containing stainkss steels have been included because many of their applications fall into the same areas as those of a number of the high-nickel alloys. Many of the compositions discussed are proprietary alloys and they are protected by trademarks. A list of the trademarks and their owners is in cluded in the appendix.

This report represents a portion of the information contained in the March, 1967, revised edition of the 'Aircraft Designer's Handbook for Titanium and Titanium Alloys' which was prepared by the Defense Metals Information Center under the joint sponsorship of the U.S. Air Force Research and Technology Division, and the Federal Aviation Agency. The important techniques discussed include; (1) brake forming, (2) stretch forming, (3) deep drawing, (4) trapped-rubber forming, (5) tube bulging, (6) bending, (7) drop-hammer forming, (8) roll forming, (9) roll bending, (10) spinning, (11) shear forming, (12) dimpling, (13) joggling, and (14) hot sizing. Auxiliary metalworking operations, preparation for forming, blank heating methods, lubricants for forming and tooling materials are discussed. Other data available in the open literature have been summarized and referenced to present a comprehensive picture on the state of the art of these fabrication methods as related to titanium and its alloys. (Author).

The report summarizes the corrosion behavior of beryllium. The effects on beryllium of the following environments are considered: moisture, salt solutions, acids, alkalis, gases, organic liquids, molten materials, and solid materials. Stress-corrosion cracking and galvanic effects are also discussed. A final section of the report reviews various types of coatings for protection of beryllium from corrosion by a variety of environments.

Describes basic mechanics of the process, practices of those in the field, metal combinations and configurations that have been bonded, and applications.