A Reader In The Language Of Shakespearean Drama

In recent years the language of Shakespearean drama has been described in a number of publications intended mainly for the undergraduate student or general reader, but the studies in academic journals to which they refer are not always easily accessible even though they are of great interest to the general reader and essential for the specialist. The purpose of this collection is therefore to bring together some of the most valuable of these studies which, in discussing various aspects of the language of the early 17th century as exemplified in Shakespearean drama, provide the reader with deeper insights into the meaning of Shakespearean text, often by reference to the social, literary and linguistic context of the time.

In recent years the language of Shakespearean drama has been described in a number of publications intended mainly for the undergraduate student or general reader, but the studies in academic journals to which they refer are not always easily accessible even though they are of great interest to the general reader and essential for the specialist. The purpose of this collection is therefore to bring together some of the most valuable of these studies which, in discussing various aspects of the language of the early 17th century as exemplified in Shakespearean drama, provide the reader with deeper insights into the meaning of Shakespearean text, often by reference to the social, literary and linguistic context of the time.

Collection of short essays in two parts: Pt. 1: The language of Shakespeare's plays: Pt. 2: Reading Shakespeare's English.

A THE TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2019 'The best introduction to the plays I've read, perhaps the best book on Shakespeare, full stop' Alex Preston, Observer 'It makes you impatient to see or re-read the plays at once' Hilary Mantel A genius and prophet whose timeless works encapsulate the human condition like no others. A writer who surpassed his contemporaries in vision, originality and literary mastery. Who wrote like an angel, putting it all so much better than anyone else. Is this Shakespeare? Well, sort of. But it doesn't really tell us the whole truth. So much of what we say about Shakespeare is either not true, or just not relevant, deflecting us from investigating the challenges of his inconsistencies and flaws. This electrifying new book thrives on revealing, not resolving, the ambiguities of Shakespeare's plays and their changing topicality. It introduces an intellectually, theatrically and ethically exciting writer who engages with intersectionality as much as with Ovid, with economics as much as poetry: who writes in strikingly modern ways about individual agency, privacy, politics, celebrity and sex. It takes us into a world of politicking and copy-catting, as we watch him emulating the blockbusters of Christopher Marlowe and Thomas Kyd, the Spielberg and Tarantino of their day; flirting with and skirting round the cut-throat issues of succession politics, religious upheaval and technological change. The Shakespeare in this book poses awkward questions rather than offering bland answers, always implicating us in working out what it might mean. This is Shakespeare. And he needs your attention.

Author s Note: This book is intended to help the actor or intelligent reader master the forms of Shakespeare s language. Anyone who acts Shakespeare s plays well must have a confident feel for the language of his plays. Anyone who reads his plays well must be a Shakespearean actor deep inside his or her mind! It has been my honor, as founder and director of The Young Shakespeare Players, to direct thousands of actors in full-length Shakespeare roles. My experience with these players -- from age 7 to 80, with most between 13 and 18 -- has helped tell me what the serious Shakespeare actor or reader must grasp. Our young actors always quickly understood that they needed to start to make Shakespeare s language their own. They always especially emphasized the resonance of his words, and their precise and evocative beauty. I find inadequacies in published works on understanding and using Shakespeare s language. Some are overly simplified, or even wrong-headed. Some are excellent, but simply do not go far enough. They tend, for example, to take an element of Shakespeare s writing craft (say, his use of verse rhythm or antitheses), explain its meaning briefly, give a few examples, and move quickly on. Often, the actor/reader leaves with too little experience to apply this knowledge the next time the element crops up. We need, instead, a way for the serious actor or reader to immerse in the key elements of Shakespeare s text, so that each becomes familiar and instantly recognizable. And so, we developed the RISARA model, which is the basis of this book. The RISARA model RISARA is an acronym for six major ways in which Shakespeare shaped and varied the language of his plays: R - Rhythm and stress. Shakespeare wrote most of the lines in his plays in verse -- language formed into expected rhythm patterns and line lengths. Then he regularly broke the rules of his own verse form. The R in RISARA leads the actor/reader to ask: Does the rhythm vary from the regular pattern or normal line length? If so, why? Can this variation help us more clearly understand the meaning? I - Imagery. Shakespeare's movie cameras and special effects were he words, spoken by the actors; and his screens were the ears and minds of the audience. What pictures do Shakespeare s words evoke? How does the imagery help define the emotions and characterizations in his plays? S - Sound. In Shakespeare s time, language was more important for how it sounded than for how it looked on a page. Does the sound of Shakespeare s words add to the feeling of the passage being read? How does the actor/reader use it to enhance the meaning? A - Antitheses. Shakespeare used no figure of speech to greater effect than antithesis -- the formal contrast set up to sharpen and guide the thinking of character and audience alike. In any passage, does Shakespeare emphasize his meaning by comparing antithetical words or ideas? Do such comparisons need special emphasis to bring out the meaning? R - Repetition. Schoolchildren in Shakespeare s time were thoroughly trained in rhetoric and formal figures of repetition. Shakespeare often used these to strengthen a passage by repeating certain sounds, or words, or whole phrases. We need to ask: How did he use repetition in this passage? How does the repetition enhance the mood or character or image? A - Architecture. Shakespeare built a kind of architecture into his words in other ways -- from changes of direction in speeches, to phrasing of individual verse lines, to shifts between prose and verse, and much more. How do these architectural elements add to the meaning or feelings of the scene, or speech, or passage? What can the actor/reader do to emphasize these architectural features?"

This volume reflects changing critical perceptions of Shakespeare's works from Renaissance to modern times and celebrates the power of Shakespearean tragedy. The selection of critical reaction covers both the general concept of Shakespearean tragedy and its expression in the major plays, illustrating the main directions of critical approaches to Shakespearean tragedy and enabling the reader to develop an informed response to Shakespeare's dramatic works. An introductory chapter traces the development of the concept of tragedy from classical times, and its dramatic expression in the time of Shakespeare. Each of Shakespeare's great tragedies - Hamlet, Macbeth, Lear, and Othello - is considered in turn, and a final chapter summarizes contemporary critical approaches so that the reader can link the best of the critical past with the present critical scene.

Among the most enduring poetry of all time, William Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets address such eternal themes as love, beauty, honesty, and the passage of time. Written primarily in four-line stanzas and iambic pentameter, Shakespeare’s sonnets are now recognized as marking the beginning of modern love poetry. The sonnets have been translated into all major written languages and are frequently used at romantic celebrations. Known as “The Bard of Avon,” William Shakespeare is arguably the greatest English-language writer known. Enormously popular during his life, Shakespeare’s works continue to resonate more than three centuries after his death, as has his influence on theatre and literature. Shakespeare’s innovative use of character, language, and experimentation with romance as tragedy served as a foundation for later playwrights and dramatists, and some of his most famous lines of dialogue have become part of everyday speech. HarperPerennial Classics brings great works of literature to life in digital format, upholding the highest standards in ebook production and celebrating reading in all its forms. Look for more titles in the HarperPerennial Classics collection to build your digital library.