Advanced Studies In The 21st Century Animal Nutrition

The world’s population is growing rapidly and consequently, there is an increasing demand for high-quality and safe food. At the same time, agricultural areas are diminishing due to industrialization, among other factors. Therefore, the efficiency of animal production needs to be improved. This book examines animal nutrition and ways to improve it. Topics covered include the use of feed additives in poultry nutrition, silage in dairy cattle nutrition, plant-origin feed additives in water buffalo nutrition, microbial inoculation in dairy cow nutrition, and more.

The science of animal nutrition has made significant advances in the past century. In looking back at the discoveries of the 20th century, we can appreciate the tremendous impact that animal nutrition has had on our lives. From the discovery of vitamins and the sweeping shift in the use of oilseeds to replace animal products as dietary protein sources for animals during the war times of the 1900s-to our integral understanding of nutrients as regulators of gene expression today-animal nutrition has been the cornerstone for scientific advances in many areas. At the milestone of their 70th year of service to the nation, the National Research Council's (NRC) Committee on Animal Nutrition (CAN) sought to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of recent discoveries and directions in animal nutrition for the new century we are embarking upon. With financial support from the NRC, the committee was able to organize and host a symposium that featured scientists from many backgrounds who were asked to share their ideas about the potential of animal nutrition to address current problems and future challenges.

Good animal health is of great importance for the efficient production of animal-derived foods at a low cost. The demand for solutions for animal health maintenance and disease prevention is a major global challenge in animal production, food safety, and public health. The animal body has a complete self-defense system, including oxidation and anti-oxidation balance, immune activation and suppression balance, pro- and anti-inflammatory balance, which can help the host against various factors that endanger normal life activities. Nowadays, the strategy of nutrition-based health has become an increasingly important solution for animal health maintenance and disease prevention. Nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, minerals, vitamins, et al.) and nutricines (carotenoids, enzymes, fatty acids, flavors, oligosaccharides, organic acids, phospholipids, polyphenols, et al.) are two major categories of components in feeds. Nutricines and some derivatives of nutrients (vitamin derivatives, amino acid derivatives, et al.) have been intensively studied in animal and cell culture models, and their roles in animal health maintenance and disease prevention are intimately known.

This book covers hot topics in the nutrition and metabolism of terrestrial and aquatic animals, including the interorgan transport and utilization of water, minerals, amino acids, glucose, and fructose; the development of alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for animals (e.g., swine and poultry); and metabolic disorders (or diseases) resulting from nutrient deficiencies. It enables readers to understand the crucial roles of nutrients in the nutrition, growth, development, and health of animals. Such knowledge has important implications for humans. Readers will also learn from well-written chapters about the use of new genome-editing biotechnologies to generate animals (e.g., cows and swine) as bioreactors that can produce large amounts of pharmaceutical proteins and other molecules to improve the health and well-being of humans and other animals, as well as the growth and productivity of farm animals. Furthermore, the book provides useful information on the use of animals (e.g., cattle, swine, sheep, chickens, and fish) as models in biomedical research to prevent and treat human diseases, develop infant formulas, and improve the cardiovascular and metabolic health of offspring with prenatal growth restriction. Editor of this book is an internationally recognized expert in nutrition and metabolisms. He has about 40 years of experience with research and teaching at world-class universities in the subject matters. He has published more than 660 papers in peer-reviewed journals, 90 chapters in books, and authored two text/reference books, with a very high H-index of 127 and more than 66,000 citations in Google Scholar. This publication is a useful reference for nutrition and biomedical professionals, as well as undergraduate and graduate students in animal science, aquaculture, zoology, wildlife, veterinary medicine, biology, biochemistry, food science, nutrition, pharmacology, physiology, toxicology, and other related disciplines. In addition, all chapters provide general and specific references to nutrition and metabolism for researchers and practitioners in animal agriculture (including aquaculture), dietitians, animal and human medicines, and for government policy makers.

The science of animal nutrition has made significant advances in the past century. In looking back at the discoveries of the 20th century, we can appreciate the tremendous impact that animal nutrition has had on our lives. From the discovery of vitamins and the sweeping shift in the use of oilseeds to replace animal products as dietary protein sources for animals during the war times of the 1900s-to our integral understanding of nutrients as regulators of gene expression today-animal nutrition has been the cornerstone for scientific advances in many areas. At the milestone of their 70th year of service to the nation, the National Research Council's (NRC) Committee on Animal Nutrition (CAN) sought to gain a better understanding of the magnitude of recent discoveries and directions in animal nutrition for the new century we are embarking upon. With financial support from the NRC, the committee was able to organize and host a symposium that featured scientists from many backgrounds who were asked to share their ideas about the potential of animal nutrition to address current problems and future challenges.

Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition — 1986 focuses on developments in the compositions of animal feeds. The book first discusses studies on the fat content of human diet. The text also looks at future trends in the marketing of animal products with particular reference to fats. The book then discusses the manipulation of fat characteristics in animal products; antinutritional factors related with dietary fats and oils; and method of analysis of feedingstuffs for the identification of crude oils. The text highlights the implications for research and the feed compounder of oils and fats determination and the implications of biotechnology for animal nutrition. The book discusses the manipulation of milk yield with growth hormone (GH). Endogenous GH and lactation potential; mechanisms underlying the galactopoietic effects of bovine growth hormone (bGH); and galactopoietic action of exogenous bGH are discussed. The text also explains near infrared reflectance analysis of forages, residues in animal products, and nutrient modulation of the immune system. The book also highlights probiotics in pig diets and use of synthetic amino acids in poultry and pig diets. The book is a good source of information for readers wanting to study the compositions of animal feeds.

Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition 1990 focuses on technologies and controls needed to ensure meat quality. The book first discusses allergic responses to diets in humans. Changes in meat consumption and consumer attitudes; improving the quality of meat; and implications for the future are described. The text looks at legislation and its effect on the feed compounder, including marketing of feeds, medicated feeds, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and safety regulations. The book also underscores the control of feed-born bacterial and viral pathogens in farm animals. Animal infections and diseases connected with feeds; control measures during manufacture of feeds; and public health implications are noted. The text also discusses chemical probiosis, effects of mycotoxins on animal performance, and nutritive value of wheat and its effect on broiler performance. The book then focuses on water requirement of growing-finishing pigs. Water input/output relationships in pigs; factors affecting the relative contribution of different water losses/uses; and factors affecting the supply of water to pigs are described. The text also discusses water requirement of poultry, piglets, and lactating cows. The book is a valuable source of data for readers interested in studying the controls and technologies needed to improve meat quality.

Plant-based drugs play an important role in all cultures and have been crucial in maintaining health and fighting diseases, and by using contemporary methods of biotechnology, plants with explicit chemical compositions are propagated and genetically upgraded for the mining of pharmaceuticals. Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants presents the latest advances in the development of transgenic plants, covering phototherapeutics, secondary metabolite production, metabolomics, metabolic engineering, bioinformatics, quality control of herbal plant products, crop improvement using various breeding techniques, tissue culture techniques, and the future of phytopharmaceuticals. Features: Describes developments and applications of phytopharmaceuticals of herbal plants. Highlights the importance of phytopharmaceutical of plants and potential applications in the food and pharma industries. Provides an overview of research on key anticancer drugs to elucidate the biotechnological approaches for their production in cell cultures. Places special emphasis on the biosynthetic pathway mapping and metabolic engineering. Phytopharmaceuticals and Biotechnology of Herbal Plants will be an invaluable resource to academics and researchers associated with plant science, herbal drug manufacturers, and phytochemists.