African Intellectuals In 19th And Early 20th Century

Introducing the lives and works of five exceptional African intellectuals in the former Cape colony, this unique history focuses on the pioneering roles played by these coarchitects of South African modernity and the contributions they made in the fields of literature, poetry, politics, religion, and journalism. Offering an in-depth look into how they reacted to colonial conquest and missionary proselytizing, the intricate process by which these historical figures straddled both the Western and African worlds is fully explored, as well as the ways that these individuals formed the foundation of the modern nationalist liberation struggle against colonialism and apartheid.

This book is about how African intellectuals, influenced primarily by nationalism, have addressed the inter-related issues of power, identity politics, self-assertion and autonomy for themselves and their continent, from the mid-nineteenth century onward. Their major goal was to create a 'better Africa' by connecting nationalism to knowledge. The results have been mixed, from the glorious euphoria of the success of anti-colonial movements to the depressing circumstances of the African condition as we enter a new millennium. As the intellectual elite is a creation of the Western formal school system, the ideas it generated are also connected to the larger world of scholarship. This world is, in turn, shaped by European contacts with Africa from the fifteenth century onward, the politics of the Cold War, and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union. In essence, Africa and its elite cannot be fully understood without also considering the West and changing global politics. Neither can the academic and media contributions by non-Africans be ignored, as these also affect the ways that Africans think about themselves and their continent. Nationalism and African Intellectuals examines intellectuals' ambivalent relationships with the colonial apparatus and subsequent nation-state formations; the contradictions manifested within pan-Africanism and nationalism; and the relation of academic institutions and intellectual production to the state during the nationalism period and beyond. Toyin Falola is the Jacob and Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities and University Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University of Texas at Austin.

This book is purposely and deliberately entitled New African Intellectuals and New African Political Thought in the Twentieth Century. It encapsulates the recent debate about the political and cultural role played by the New African intellectuals in developing modern African political thought. The authors argue that the "New African Intellectuals" was a culturally and politically dominant movement of the twentieth century, despite the fact that it was suppressed and oppressed by white colonialism and racism. It was a political and cultural expression of the oppressed and disposed people. During its cultural and political splay the "New African Intellectuals" was preoccupied with three inseparable historical issues: forming the concept of the New African, constructing the foundations of African modernity, and formulating the principles of African Nationalism. Offering fresh insights that are both empirically and theoretically informed, this book illuminates the processes and consequences of the New African scholars and writers. The political contribution made by the New African intellectuals is traced from its origins in literature, music and language. The discussion concludes with an exploration of the dilemma faced by African languages as they are dominated by European languages. The authors argue that this dominance has resulted in the petrifaction and mummification of African languages because outstanding, even great African writers are not using them in relation to modern technological and linguistic experience. The authors believe that this broad-ranging book will be of interest to all those studying African politics and culture, and who are concerned with understanding modern African societies in the light of post-colonialism.

This festschrift is composed in honor of a distinguished scholar and Pan-Africanist, Professor Sulayman S. Nyang, whose career and intellectual pursuits spans more than 45 years—much of it at Howard University. Nyang’s contributions to African affairs transcend the scope of the academic world as he served as First Secretary and Head of Chancery of the Gambian Embassy in Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1977, and consultant to the World Bank and United Nations agencies. In addition, Professor Nyang served as the President of the Interfaith Conference of Metropolitan Washington, DC, and a member of the boards of many academic journals, and organizations of Islamic Studies in the USA. He has published copiously on a variety of issues affecting continental Africans, Africans in the Diaspora, and beyond. He has published and collaborated on dozens of books and book chapters and more than 100 articles in referred journals.

From an array of prominent activists including Nelson Mandela and Steve Biko to renowned performers and oral poets such as Johnny Dyani and Samuel Mqhayi, the Eastern Cape region plays a unique role in the history of South African protest politics and creativity. The Spirit of Resistance in Music and Spoken Word of South Africa's Eastern Cape concentrates on the Eastern Cape's contribution to the larger narrative of the connection between creativity, mass movements, and the forging of a modern African identity and focuses largely on the amaXhosa population. Lindsay Michie explores Eastern Cape performance artists, activists, organizations, and movements that used inventive and historical means to raise awareness of their plight and brought pressure to bear on the authorities and systems that caused it, all the while exhibiting the depth, originality, and inspiration of their culture.

This edited collection gives voice to neglected public intellectuals in the arts, humanities, and journalism in South Africa who gave voice and presence to those who have been marginalized and silenced in South African history Edward Said described a public intellectual as someone who uses accessible language to address a designated public on matters of social and political significance. The essays in Public Intellectuals in South Africa apply this interpretive prism and activist principle to a South African context and tell the stories of well-known figures as well as some that have been mostly forgotten. They include Magema Fuze, John Dube, Aggrey Klaaste, Mewa Ramgobin and Koos Roets, alongside marginalized figures such as Elijah Makiwane, Mandisi Sindo, William Pretorius and Dr Thomas Duncan Greenlees. The essays capture the thoughts and opinions of these historical figures, who the contributors argue are public intellectuals who spoke out against the corruption of power, promoted a progressive politics that challenged the colonial project and its legacies, and encouraged a sustained dissent of the political status quo. Offering fascinating accounts of the life and work of these writers, critics and activists across a range of historical contexts and disciplines, from journalism and arts criticism to history and politics, it enriches the historical record of South African public intellectual life. This volume makes a significant contribution to ongoing debates about the value of research in the arts and humanities, and what constitutes public intellectualism in South Africa.

Born into a Xhosa royal family around 1792 in South Africa, Jan Tzatzoe was destined to live in an era of profound change—one that witnessed the arrival and entrenchment of European colonialism. As a missionary, chief, and cultural intermediary on the eastern Cape frontier and in Cape Town and a traveler in Great Britain, Tzatzoe helped foster the merging of African and European worlds into a new South African reality. Yet, by the 1860s, despite his determined resistance, he was an oppressed subject of harsh British colonial rule. In this innovative, richly researched, and splendidly written biography, Roger S. Levine reclaims Tzatzoe's lost story and analyzes his contributions to, and experiences with, the turbulent colonial world to argue for the crucial role of Africans as agents of cultural and intellectual change.