Alkenes

Describes the reaction mechanisms associated with electrophilic attack on carbon-carbon double bonds.

In organic chemistry, Alkenes, also known as olefins, are the unsaturated hydrocarbons with the general formula of CnH2n that contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds in their chemical structures (RC=CR'). The presence of this double bond allows alkenes to react in ways that alkanes cannot. Hence, alkenes find many diverse applications in industry. These compounds are widely used as initial materials in the synthesis of alcohols, plastics, lacquers, detergents, and fuels. The current book includes all knowledge and novel data according to the structure of alkenes, their novel synthesis methods, and their applications. In addition, manufacture, properties, and the use of polyalkenes are the other important topics that are covered in this book. These data are collected by the efforts and contributions of many authors and scientists from all over the globe, and all of us are ready to further improve the contents of this book as per the readers' comments.

This thesis gives a thorough account of the development of iron-catalysed hydrosilylation, hydroboration and hydromagnesiation reactions. With extraordinary referencing and scientific argument, Mark Greenhalgh describes the development of methodologies which require only commercially available materials and non-specialised techniques. The intention of this approach is to ensure the science can be adopted widely by the chemical community. In addition to an insight into the processes involved in methodology development, Greenhalgh discusses and determines the relevant reaction mechanisms. This thesis provides not only the most thorough review of the area, but offers a level of insight well beyond that expected from a Ph.D. student. The work in this thesis has been published at the highest level, and the results and ideas have led to 3 industry-funded Ph.D. studentships and grant income in excess of £1 million.

Homogeneous Catalysis by Metal Complexes, Volume II: Activation of Alkenes and Alkynes reviews and systematizes the chemistry of metal ion activation of alkenes and alkynes. The book presents the migration of ? bonds; the oxo reaction; and the hydrosilation of alkenes and alkynes. The text also covers topics on the oxidation of alkenes and alkynes, as well as the multiple insertion reactions of alkenes and alkynes.

This book is written for B.Sc., B.Sc. (Hons.) and M.Sc. students of various universities. In this book my aim has been describe the fundamental principles of organic chemistry. Since I do not consider the chemistry of natural products to be fundamental chemistry but rather the application of fundamental principles. The subject matter described in this book covers much of the basic organic chemistry that is needed by a student who wish to study chemistry as a main subject at degree level. The arrangement of the subjectmatter is based on homologous series and in general, descriptions of reactions are followed by discussion of their mechanisms and these includes an elementary account of the sort of evidence that led workers to suggest mechanisms that are acceptable at the present time. Contents: Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes, Halogen Derivatives of the Alkanes.

During the past 30 years, the field of alkene polymerization over transition metal catalysts underwent several major changes: 1. The list of commercial heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylene and stereoregular polyolefins was completely renewed affording an unprecedented degree of control over the polymer structure. 2. Research devoted to metallocene and other soluble transition-metal catalysis has vastly expanded and has shifted toward complexes of transition metals with multidentate ligands. 3. Recent developments in gel permeation chromatography, temperature-rising fractionation, and crystallization fractionation provided the first reliable information about differences between various active centers in transition-metal catalysts. 4. A rapid development of high-resolution 13C NMR spectroscopy resulted in greatly expanded understanding of the chemical and steric features of polyolefins and alkene copolymers. These developments require a new review of all aspects of alkene polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts. The first chapter in the book is an introductory text for researchers who are entering the field. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts, the types of catalysts, and commercially manufactured polyolefins. The next chapter addresses the principal issue of alkene polymerization catalysis: the existence of catalyst systems with single and multiple types of active centers. The subsequent chapters are devoted to chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental reaction steps, structures of catalyst precursors and reactions leading to the formation of active centers, kinetics of polymerization reactions, and their mechanisms. The book describes the latest commercial polymerization catalysts for the synthesis of polyethylenes and polypropylene The book provides a detailed description of the multi-center nature of commercial Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The book devotes specialized chapters to the most important aspects of transition metal polymerization catalysts: the reactions leading to the formation of active centers, the chemistry and stereochemistry of elemental polymerization steps, reaction kinetics, and the polymerization mechanism. The book contains an introductory chapter for researchers who are entering the field of polymerization catalysis. It describes the basic principles of polymerization reactions with transition-metal catalysts and the types of commercially manufactured polyolefins and copolymers The book contains over 2000 references, the most recent up to end of 2006.

This Volume covers the formation of carbon-carbon single-, double- and triple bonds by substitution and addition reactions as well as by various rearrangements. The formation of carbon-carbon multiple bonds by elimination and condensation procedures is fully documented. In addition the synthesis of carbon-hydrogen bonds principally by substitution and addition reactions is featured as is the preparation of a wide variety of carbon-centred anions, cations and radicals.

Organometallic chemistry is a well established research area at the interface of organic and inorganic chemistry. In recent years this field has undergone a ren aissance as our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanism has opened the way for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as medicine, biology, materials and polymer sciences and organic synthesis. For example, in the de velopment of new catalytic processes, organometallic chemistry is helping meet the challenge to society that the economic and environmental necessities of the future pose. As this field becomes increasingly interdisciplinary, we recognize the need for critical overviews of new developments that are of broad significance. This is our goal in starting this new series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry. The scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics of pure and applied or ganometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. Topics in Organometallic Chemistry differs from existing review series in that each volume is thematic, giving an overview of an area that has reached a stage of maturity such that coverage in a single review article is no longer possible. Furthermore, the treatment addresses a broad audience of researchers, who are not specialists in the field, starting at the graduate student level. Discussion of possible future research directions in the areas covered by the individual volumes is welcome.