Analogical And Inductive Inference

This volume contains the text of the five invited papers and 16 selected contributions presented at the third International Workshop on Analogical and Inductive Inference, AII `92, held in Dagstuhl Castle, Germany, October 5-9, 1992. Like the two previous events, AII '92 was intended to bring together representatives from several research communities, in particular, from theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and from cognitive sciences. The papers contained in this volume constitute a state-of-the-art report on formal approaches to algorithmic learning, particularly emphasizing aspects of analogical reasoning and inductive inference. Both these areas are currently attracting strong interest: analogical reasoning plays a crucial role in the booming field of case-based reasoning, and, in the fieldof inductive logic programming, there have recently been developed a number of new techniques for inductive inference.

In diesem Buch werden die wesentlichen Aspekte der in den letzten Jahren recht kontrovers geführten Diskussion über das Thema Krankheitsverarbeitung diskutiert. Mehrere Beiträge beschäftigen sich theoretisch und empirisch mit der Frage, ob es sinnvoll ist, Coping und Abwehr gegeneinander abzugrenzen. Ein Überblick über Meßverfahren zu Copingprozessen soll die Beurteilung von Ergebnissen erleichtern und bei der Planung und Durchführung von Untersuchungen zu diesem Thema behilflich sein. Empirische Ergebnisse bei verschiedenen Krankheitsbildern (Krebs, Herzinfarkt, chronische Niereninsuffizienz, Multiple Sklerose und Alkoholismus) und unter verschiedenen Fragestellungen demonstrieren Möglichkeiten und Grenzen unterschiedlicher methodischer Vorgehensweisen.

In By Parallel Reasoning Paul Bartha proposes a normative theory of analogical arguments and raises questions and proposes answers regarding (i.) criteria for evaluating analogical arguments, (ii.) the philosophical justification for analogical reasoning, and (iii.) the place of scientific analogies in the context of theoretical confirmation.

This volume presents the proceedings of the Fourth International Workshop on Analogical and Inductive Inference (AII '94) and the Fifth International Workshop on Algorithmic Learning Theory (ALT '94), held jointly at Reinhardsbrunn Castle, Germany in October 1994. (In future the AII and ALT workshops will be amalgamated and held under the single title of Algorithmic Learning Theory.) The book contains revised versions of 45 papers on all current aspects of computational learning theory; in particular, algorithmic learning, machine learning, analogical inference, inductive logic, case-based reasoning, and formal language learning are addressed.