Antibiotics In Laboratory Medicine

Implement the most current science and practice in antimicrobial research. Now, find the newest approaches for evaluating the activity, mechanisms of action, and bacterial resistance to antibiotics with this completely updated, landmark reference. Turn to this comprehensive reference for groundbreaking evidence on the molecular link between chemical disinfectants, sterilants, and antibiotics. On the latest methods for detecting antibacterial resistance genes in the clinical laboratory, and antivirogram use to select the most active antiviral components against your patient's HIV.

Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine has been a mainstay resource for practitioners/providers, investigators, and pharmaceutical researchers of new anti-infective compounds for the past 30 years. This edition includes new chapters on the predictive value of in vitro laboratory testing and the improvement of patient care in the hospital environment through antimicrobial stewardship.

The International Society of Chemotherapy meets every two years to review progress in chemotherapy of infections and of malignant disease. Each meeting gets larger to encompass the extension of chemotherapy into new areas. In some instances, expansion has been rapid, for example in cephalosporins, pen icillins and combination chemotherapy of cancer - in others slow, as in the field of parasitology. New problems of resistance and untoward effects arise; reduction of host toxicity without loss of antitumour activity by new substances occupies wide attention. The improved results with cancer chemotherapy, es pecially in leukaemias, are leading to a greater prevalence of severe infection in patients so treated, pharmacokinetics of drugs in normal and diseased subjects is receiving increasing attention along with related problems of bioavailability and interactions between drugs. Meanwhile the attack on some of the major bacterial infections, such as gonorrhoea and tubercu losis, which were among the first infections to feel the impact of chemotherapy, still continue to be major world problems and are now under attack with new agents and new methods. From this wide field and the 1,000 papers read at the Congress we have produced Proceedings which reflect the variety and vigour of research in this important field of medicine. It was not possible to include all of the papers presented at the Congress but we have attempted to include most aspects of cur rent progress in chemotherapy.

Document from the year 2013 in the subject Biology - Micro- and Molecular Biology, , language: English, abstract: Antimicrobial resistance remains, more than ever, a key issue for medical microbiology. The development of antibiotic resistance by bacteria is an evolutionary inevitability, a convincing demonstration of their ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions. Some Gram-positive organisms are extremely adaptable and rapidly develop resistance, whereas others have not developed good strategies to overcome antibiotics. Staphylococci and enterococci, in particular are associated with clinically relevant resistance. The epithet of superbugs, if one can define these as bacterial pathogens resistant to almost all clinically available agents, can be truly applied to resistant strains of Gram-positive species, especially to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to glycopeptide- or vancomycinresistant enterococci (GRE or VRE).

General principles of antimicrobial susceptibility testing; An overview of antimicrobics; Antimicrobic dilution tests; Agar dilution techniques; Broth dilution techniques; Methods for testing antimicrobic; Antimicrobic dilution tests: quality control and troubleshooting; Special test procedures; Detection of staphylococcal penicillin B-lactamase activity; A semi-automated disc elution test system; Antimicrobic susceptibility of yeasts; Antimicrobic susceptibility of Mycobacterium sp.; Agar diffusion tests; Agar diffusion: general considerations; Diffusion test procedures; Establishment of zone-size interpretive criteria; Disc diffusion tests: quality control.

The papers assembled in this collection comprise a majority of the oral presentations as well as several poster presentations given at the 22nd Annual Symposium arranged by the Bastern Pennsylvania Branch of the American Society for MicrobioloS)'. The symposium would not be possible without the generous support of the many sponsors (see sponsor list) or without the concerted effort of a11 the Committee members. This Symposium series has evolved into an annual Bastern Pennsylvania Branch ASM event that attracts participants from a wide geographie area. It should be noted that one of the hallmarks of these symposia involves interaction between the presenters and those in attendance. Several authors have altered their by the participants. Therefore, the manuscript that manuscripts based on comments fo11ows should be viewed as a group effort of both the participants and presenters. J ames Poupard Lori Walsh Bruee Kleger ix CONTENTS 1 Introduction 1: CURRENT METHODS The Evolution of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 James A. Poupard, Stephen F. Rittenhouse, and Lori R. Walsh Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests: Testing Methods and Interpretive Problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Patrick R. Murray Clinician Utilization of Rapid Antibiotic Susceptibility Data: A Prospective Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Franklin P. Koontz SESSION 2: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING When We Should Be Testing, How Often and What to Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Raymond C. Bartlett Areas of Recent Emphasis of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Subcommittee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 James H. Jorgensen Non-Traditional Approaches for Quality Control of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .