Applied Geophysics

This is the completely revised and updated version of the popular and highly regarded textbook, Applied Geophysics. It describes the physical methods involved in exploration for hydrocarbons and minerals, which include gravity, magnetic, seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, radioactivity, and well-logging methods. All aspects of these methods are described, including basic theory, field equipment, techniques of data acquisition, data processing and interpretation, with the objective of locating commercial deposits of minerals, oil, and gas and determining their extent. In the fourteen years or so since the first edition of Applied Geophysics, many changes have taken place in this field, mainly as the result of new techniques, better instrumentation, and increased use of computers in the field and in the interpretation of data. The authors describe these changes in considerable detail, including improved methods of solving the inverse problem, specialized seismic methods, magnetotellurics as a practical exploration method, time-domain electromagnetic methods, increased use of gamma-ray spectrometers, and improved well-logging methods and interpretation.

As a slag heap, the result of strip mining, creeps closer to his house in the Ohio hills, fifteen-year-old M. C. is torn between trying to get his family away and fighting for the home they love.

The welcome accorded to the first two editions of this book has been most encouraging. The object of the third edition continues to be to give a brief but "fairly comprehensive survey of the methods of applied geophysics including some of the modern interpretation techniques. The general approach and plan of the previous editions are preserved, but in bringing the book up to date some changes have been made to which I would like to draw the reader's special attention. SI units are strictly adhered to except in six illustrative figures reproduced from older literature and left intact to save some extensive redraughting. Following the recommendation of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, the magnetic field measured in geophysical work is labelled here as flux density (tesla). Consequently, the symbols H, Z and T commonly used in geomagnetic work should stand for flux density. In the Max wellian theory of electromagnetism the symbol H stands, by convention, for a magnetizing force (A m -1) and a discerning reader will at once sense a source of confusion. This source of confusion is avoided in the present edition by B , B and B instead of H, Z and T. The employing the symbols b z t latter ~et is employed for the corresponding magnetizing forces of the earth's field. I hope this notation will gain general acceptance because it so easily dispenses with an ambiguity that otherwise tends to lead to unnecessary confusion of units and dimensions in geomagnetism.

Just a few meters below the Earth's surface lie features of great importance, from geological faults which can produce devastating earthquakes, to lost archaeological treasures. This refreshing, up-to-date book explores the foundations of interpretation theory and the latest developments in near-surface techniques, used to complement traditional geophysical methods for deep-exploration targets. Clear but rigorous, the book explains theory and practice in simple physical terms, supported by intermediate-level mathematics. Techniques covered include magnetics, resistivity, seismic reflection and refraction, surface waves, induced polarization, self-potential, electromagnetic induction, ground-penetrating radar, magnetic resonance, interferometry, seismoelectric and more. Sections on data analysis and inverse theory are provided and chapters are illustrated by case studies, giving students and professionals the tools to plan, conduct and analyze a near-surface geophysical survey. This is an important textbook for advanced-undergraduate and graduate students in geophysics and a valuable reference for practising geophysicists, geologists, hydrologists, archaeologists, and civil and geotechnical engineers.

This book introduces the principles of gravitational, magnetic, electrostatic, direct current electrical and electromagnetic fields, with detailed solutions of Laplace and electromagnetic wave equations by the method of separation of variables. Discussion includes behaviours of the scalar and vector potential and the nature of the solutions of these boundary value problems, along with the use of complex variables and conformal transformation, Green's theorem, Green's formula and Green's functions.

Covers the fundamentals of all currently used methods (seismic, electrical, electromagnetic, gravity, magnetic, borehole logging and remote sensing) and pays special attention to the seismic refraction and electrical resistivity techniques which are the ones most commonly used in engineering and groundwater geophysics. The main changes in this new edition of Applied Geophysics for Engineers and Geologists, apart from a general updating, and conversion to SI units, is a more extensive treatment of electromagnetic and induced polarisation methods, and of geophysical borehole logging. The seismic reflection method is also treated more fully in view of its great importance in petroleum prospecting. Problems, with answers are also included. Taken together, the changes are so great that this is virtually a new book, as is suggested by the change in title

An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics, 2nd Edition, describes the rapidly developing field of near-surface geophysics. The book covers a range of applications including mineral, hydrocarbon and groundwater exploration, and emphasises the use of geophysics in civil engineering and in environmental investigations. Following on from the international popularity of the first edition, this new, revised, and much expanded edition contains additional case histories, and descriptions of geophysical techniques not previously included in such textbooks. The level of mathematics and physics is deliberately kept to a minimum but is described qualitatively within the text. Relevant mathematical expressions are separated into boxes to supplement the text. The book is profusely illustrated with many figures, photographs and line drawings, many never previously published. Key source literature is provided in an extensive reference section; a list of web addresses for key organisations is also given in an appendix as a valuable additional resource. Covers new techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Sounding, Controlled- Source EM, shear-wave seismic refraction, and airborne gravity and EM techniques Now includes radioactivity surveying and more discussions of down-hole geophysical methods; hydrographic and Sub-Bottom Profiling surveying; and UneXploded Ordnance detection Expanded to include more forensic, archaeological, glaciological, agricultural and bio-geophysical applications Includes more information on physio-chemical properties of geological, engineering and environmental materials Takes a fully global approach Companion website with additional resources available at www.wiley.com/go/reynolds/introduction2e Accessible core textbook for undergraduates as well as an ideal reference for industry professionals The second edition is ideal for students wanting a broad introduction to the subject and is also designed for practising civil and geotechnical engineers, geologists, archaeologists and environmental scientists who need an overview of modern geophysical methods relevant to their discipline. While the first edition was the first textbook to provide such a comprehensive coverage of environmental geophysics, the second edition is even more far ranging in terms of techniques, applications and case histories.