Applied Hydrodynamics

This textbook treats Hydro- and Fluid Dynamics, the engineering science dealing with forces and energies generated by fluids in motion, playing a vital role in everyday life. Practical examples include the flow motion in the kitchen sink, the exhaust fan above the stove, and the air conditioning system in our home. When driving a car, the air flow around the vehicle body induces some drag which increases with the square of the car speed and contributes to excess fuel consumption. Engineering applications encompass fluid transport in pipes and canals, energy generation, environmental processes and transportation (cars, ships, aircrafts). This book deals with the topic of applied hydrodynamics. The lecture material is grouped into two complementary sections: ideal fluid flow and real fluid flow. The former deals with two- and possibly three-dimensional fluid motions that are not subject to boundary friction effects, while the latter considers the flow regions affected by boundary friction and turbulent shear. The lecture material is designed as an intermediate course in fluid dynamics for senior undergraduate and postgraduate students in Civil, Environmental, Hydraulic and Mechanical Engineering. It is supported by notes, applications, remarks and discussions in each chapter. Moreover a series of appendices is added, while some major homework assignments are developed at the end of the book, before the bibliographic references.

It has for some time been the author's opinion that the need exists for a complete, self-contained volume on hydrodynamics addressed to and written in an idiom for geologists and geophysicists actively engaged in the search for hydrocarbons. This book is offered as my attempt to satisfy this need. Explorationists traditionally concern themselves with four basic aspects of oil and gas occurrence, since these constitute the necessary con ditions enhancing the likelihood of subsurface hydrocarbon accumula tions. They are: Trap, Reservoir, Source, and the Fluids themselves. His torically, great attention has been paid to traps and reservoirs, and much pertinent literature on structure, stratigraphy and lithology is available. With respect to sources, an increasing body of literature is becoming avail able in the form of articles, books and research reports in the areas of geochemistry and mineralogy. It is to the largely ignored fourth aspect, the fluids, that this book is directed. In its formulation I have drawn from numerous sources: college physics texts ("hydrodynamics is one of the most difficult subjects in physics"), personal notes from a rigorous two-week course presented by M. K. Hub bert (who literally fathered the discipline), journal articles (some strong and others weak in their treatment of the subject), discussions with expe rienced exploration geologists (some of whom have successfully utilized these procedures and others who were not so sure), and experience gained as well as mistakes made in the course of my own personal oil and gas exploration activities.

In the first edition of this book, we observed that it had been created to fill a need for a usable "self-contained volume on hydrodynamics" (and hydrogeology) that was written specifically for the petroleum industry, but could also serve the earth science community in general. When the first edition was published (1982), M. K. Hubbert, the father of petroleum hydrodynamics, was approaching the final stages of his very productive career. For this reason, the book served as a vehicle to amplify his concepts and spread and stimulate applications of some of his theories and methods throughout the exploration sectors of the petroleum industry. This was accomplished by blending discussions of Hubbert's concepts with some of the procedures used by industry specialists to answer practical oil and gas questions. The simple aim of the book was to bring this material to the fingertips of working geologists and geophysicists, who were "evaluating the hydrocarbon possibilities in larger exploration regions or assessing the potential of small, local subsurface oil and gas prospects. " It was also hoped that by treating areas of conceptual overlap between petroleum geology and ground water hydrology, workers in both disciplines would be brought into closer contact, resulting in mutual benefits gained through healthy scientific and technical interaction. This remains our objective in the second edition, although it has become apparent that additional material is needed to satisfactorily achieve it. The size of this volume reflects the new subject matter.

In this edition of a book first published in 1984 by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc., readers will find a summary of theoretical, experimental, and statistical data on fluid flows. The book is designed to present a range of fluid dynamics in a concise form with extensive use of tables and graphics.

The first monograph to treat topological, group-theoretic, and geometric problems of ideal hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics from a unified point of view. It describes the necessary preliminary notions both in hydrodynamics and pure mathematics with numerous examples and figures. The book is accessible to graduates as well as pure and applied mathematicians working in hydrodynamics, Lie groups, dynamical systems, and differential geometry.

This is a rapidly developing field to which the author is a leading contributor New methods in quantum dynamics and computational techniques, with applications to interesting physical problems, are brought together in this book Useful to both students and researchers