Arduino Software Internals

It’s not enough to just build your Arduino projects; it’s time to actually learn how things work! This book will take you through not only how to use the Arduino software and hardware, but more importantly show you how it all works and how the software relates to the hardware. Arduino Software Internals takes a detailed dive into the Arduino environment. We’ll cover the Arduino language, hardware features, and how makers can finally ease themselves away from the hand holding of the Arduino environment and move towards coding in plain AVR C++ and talk to the microcontroller in its native language. What You’ll Learn:How the Arduino Language interfaces with the hardware, as well as how it actually works in C++;How the compilation system works, and how kit can be altered to suit personal requirements;A small amount of AVR Assembly Language;Exactly how to set up and use the various hardware features of the AVR without needing to try and decode the data sheets – which are often bug ridden and unclear;Alternatives to the Arduino IDE which might give them a better workflow;How to build their own Arduino clone from scratch. Who This Book Is For: No expertise is required for this book! All you need is an interest in learning about what you’re making with Arduinos and how they work. This book is also useful for those looking to understand the AVR microcontroller used in the Arduino boards. In other words, all Makers are welcome!

Arduino Internals guides you to the heart of the Arduino board. Author Dale Wheat shares his intimate knowledge of the Arduino board—its secrets, its strengths and possible alternatives to its constituent parts are laid open to scrutiny in this book. You'll learn to build new, improved Arduino boards and peripherals, while conforming to the Arduino reference design. Arduino Internals begins by reviewing the current Arduino hardware and software landscape. In particular, it offers a clear analysis of how the ATmega8 board works and when and where to use its derivatives. The chapter on the "hardware heart" is vital for the rest of the book and should be studied in some detail. Furthermore, Arduino Internals offers important information about the CPU running the Arduino board, the memory contained within it and the peripherals mounted on it. To be able to write software that runs optimally on what is a fairly small embedded board, one must understand how the different parts interact. Later in the book, you'll learn how to replace certain parts with more powerful alternatives and how to design Arduino peripherals and shields. Since Arduino Internals addresses both sides of the Arduino hardware-software boundary, the author analyzes the compiler toolchain and again provides suggestions on how to replace it with something more suitable for your own purposes. You'll also learn about how libraries enable you to change the way Arduino and software interact, and how to write your own library implementing algorithms you've devised yourself. Arduino Internals also suggests alternative programming environments, since many Arduino hackers have a background language other than C or Java. Of course, it is possible to optimize the way in which hardware and software interact—an entire chapter is dedicated to this field. Arduino Internals doesn't just focus on the different parts of Arduino architecture, but also on the ways in which example projects can take advantage of the new and improved Arduino board. Wheat employs example projects to exemplify the hacks and algorithms taught throughout the book. Arduino projects straddling the hardware-software boundary often require collaboration between people of different talents and skills which cannot be taken for granted. For this reason, Arduino Internals contains a whole chapter dedicated to collaboration and open source cooperation to make those tools and skills explicit. One of the crowning achievements of an Arduino hacker is to design a shield or peripheral residing on the Arduino board, which is the focus of the following chapter. A later chapter takes specialization further by examining Arduino protocols and communications, a field immediately relevant to shields and the communication between peripherals and the board. Finally, Arduino Internals integrates different skills and design techniques by presenting several projects that challenge you to put your newly-acquired skills to the test! Please note: the print version of this title is black & white; the eBook is full color.

"It's not enough to just build your Arduino projects; it's time to actually learn how things work!" This book goes beyond the basics, providing a comprehensive understanding of Arduino software and hardware, as well as how they intertwine. Gain valuable insights into the inner workings of Arduino and its language, and discover how to communicate with the microcontroller in its native language, AVR C++.Explore the latest version (0.30.0) which offers a multitude of configuration options that can be conveniently modified using the command-line interface (CLI). What You’ll Learn: How the Arduino Language interfaces with the hardware, as well as how it actually works in C++; How to burn bootloaders with the latest version (0.30.0) of Arduino software. How to program your device using an In Circuit System Programmer (ICSP) How to build their own Arduino clone from scratch How to efficiently handle different boards and libraries Uncover new features and enhancements, including the ability to set up and use profiles, and employ Makefiles. Who This Book Is For: This book welcomes everyone with an interest in learning about Arduino, regardless of expertise. Whether you're a beginner or an experienced Maker, "Arduino Software Internals" equips you with the knowledge to truly comprehend and leverage the power of Arduino.

Prerequisites _are_ required for this in-depth tour through the intriguing worlds of the Arduino Uno and Mega 2560. Few details are too insignificant to remain unexplored here. Coverage includes the internals of: digital I/O, the I2C bus, the SPI bus, the Hardware Serial Library, STK500, STK500v2, interrupts, the boot sequence from power-on to setup() and loop(), analogWrite(), analogRead(), time and delays, the EEPROM Library, PROGMEM, and F().

Improve your projects by leveraging the power of interrupts. This comprehensive guide makes it easy to understand and use interrupts with the ATmega328P microcontroller found on Arduino boards. With over 20 interrupts available, this book covers almost all of them and provides background information on how they work. You’ll work through the steps and code examples required to configure each of the covered interrupts. You'll also learn how to use them with Arduino, AVR C++ and with other development systems, like PlatformIO. Interrupts can be intimidating, but by the end of this book, you will have the knowledge and skills to take full advantage of them and improve the performance and efficiency of your Arduino projects. What You’ll Learn Understand interrupts and how they work Make interrupts easier to use in code Use interrupts in their Arduino sketches or AVR C++ applications See how to use interrupts in the Arduino Language and in AVR C++ Avoid common pitfalls when working with interrupts Who This Book Is For Intermediate to advanced-level programmers who want to learn how to use interrupts in their Arduino sketches or AVR C++ applications..

Obtain the best performance from the ATmega4809 microcontroller in the Arduino Nano Every board by accessing features not utilized in the Arduino software library. This book is intended for those familiar with the ATmega328P in the Arduino Nano or Arduino Uno boards who want to take full advantage of the features in the Nano Every. Owners of the Far Inside The Arduino book will obtain the same in-depth treatment of the Nano Every. There are over 40 example programs, provided as a download from the authors website, illustrating the new or different features of this microcontroller.Topics include (with examples): -The Event System-Configurable Custom Logic-Changes to the memory map and EEPROM accessing-Changes to the ADC, Comparator, Timer/Counters, Watchdog Timer, SPI, USART, and TWI.-The new Real Time and Periodic Interrupt Timers -Arduino Library modifications for higher PWM frequencies, 1μs clock resolution, 8 times faster ADC, and 20MHz system clockExample programs demonstrate all 8 Timer/Counter B operating modes, and three Timer/Counter A operating modes, including using the Event input. There are also example programs for operating the TWI interface as both master and slave simultaneously, using the SPI as master and slave, with buffering for the slave, and for the USART asynchronous, synchronous, 1-wire, RS-485, and as a SPI master.

Rather than yet another project-based workbook, Arduino: A Technical Reference is a reference and handbook that thoroughly describes the electrical and performance aspects of an Arduino board and its software. This book brings together in one place all the information you need to get something done with Arduino. It will save you from endless web searches and digging through translations of datasheets or notes in project-based texts to find the information that corresponds to your own particular setup and question. Reference features include pinout diagrams, a discussion of the AVR microcontrollers used with Arduino boards, a look under the hood at the firmware and run-time libraries that make the Arduino unique, and extensive coverage of the various shields and add-on sensors that can be used with an Arduino. One chapter is devoted to creating a new shield from scratch. The book wraps up with detailed descriptions of three different projects: a programmable signal generator, a "smart" thermostat, and a programmable launch sequencer for model rockets. Each project highlights one or more topics that can be applied to other applications.

Rather than yet another project-based workbook, Arduino: A Technical Reference is a reference and handbook that thoroughly describes the electrical and performance aspects of an Arduino board and its software. This book brings together in one place all the information you need to get something done with Arduino. It will save you from endless web searches and digging through translations of datasheets or notes in project-based texts to find the information that corresponds to your own particular setup and question. Reference features include pinout diagrams, a discussion of the AVR microcontrollers used with Arduino boards, a look under the hood at the firmware and run-time libraries that make the Arduino unique, and extensive coverage of the various shields and add-on sensors that can be used with an Arduino. One chapter is devoted to creating a new shield from scratch. The book wraps up with detailed descriptions of three different projects: a programmable signal generator, a "smart" thermostat, and a programmable launch sequencer for model rockets. Each project highlights one or more topics that can be applied to other applications.