Artificial Intelligence Ai Impacting Diagnosis Of Glaucoma And Understanding The Regulatory Aspects Of Ai Based Software As Medical Device

Glaucoma is considered as a group of eye diseases characterized by optic neuropathy, a specific pattern of visual field defect and increased intraocular pressure. The rise in intraocular pressure leads to compres-sion of the retina and optic nerve that causes progressive, permanent loss of eyesight (Yadav et al., 2019). Glaucoma is known as the major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide (Gupta and Yadav, 2019). It is estimated that approximately 64.3 million individuals are affected by this disease and this number is expected to reach approximately 112 million by 2040 (Tham et al., 2014). Detection of glaucoma disease in its early stages may prevent blindness (Yadav et al., 2020). Undiagnosed glaucoma cases still account for more than 50 % of the cases worldwide the count of undiagnosed glaucoma cases is around 50 % (Gupta et al., 2016). Diagnosis of glaucoma is related to the assessment of the optic disc and the adjacent retinal nerve fibre layer by a trained specialist. Conventional methods for detection of glaucoma have higher chances of being misdiagnosed. Therefore, there is a need for an automated system which prevents misdiagnosis and makes correct use of the available medical data. As electronic medical records are becoming mainstream along with advancement in digital imaging and data storage, it is more important to appropriately utilize clinical data and digital images at this juncture than ever before.

Artificial Intelligence: Technologies, Applications, and Challenges is an invaluable resource for readers to explore the utilization of Artificial Intelligence, applications, challenges, and its underlying technologies in different applications areas. Using a series of present and future applications, such as indoor-outdoor securities, graphic signal processing, robotic surgery, image processing, character recognition, augmented reality, object detection and tracking, intelligent traffic monitoring, emergency department medical imaging, and many more, this publication will support readers to get deeper knowledge and implementing the tools of Artificial Intelligence. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Rise of the machines and communications to IoT (3G, 5G). Tools and Technologies of Artificial Intelligence Real-time applications of artificial intelligence using machine learning and deep learning. Challenging Issues and Novel Solutions for realistic applications Mining and tracking of motion based object data image processing and analysis into the unified framework to understand both IoT and Artificial Intelligence-based applications. This book will be an ideal resource for IT professionals, researchers, under or post-graduate students, practitioners, and technology developers who are interested in gaining insight to the Artificial Intelligence with deep learning, IoT and machine learning, critical applications domains, technologies, and solutions to handle relevant challenges.

Glaucoma, the group of eye diseases is characterized by increased intraocular pressure, optic neuropathy and visual field defect patterns. Early and correct diagnosis of glaucoma can prevent irreversible vision loss and glaucomatous structural damages to the eye. However, greater chances of misdiagnosis by the currently used conventional methods for diagnosis open up ways for more advanced techniques like the use of artificial in- telligence (AI). Artificial intelligence coupled with optical coherence tomography imaging creates an algorithm that can be effectively used to make a model of complex data for detection as well as diagnosis of glaucoma. The Book is an attempt to provide state-of-the-art information on various AI techniques used in the diag- nosis and assessment of glaucoma. The second part of the Book is focused on understanding how the AI along with machine learning (ML) can be potentially used to be subjected for software as a medical device (SaMD) in precise diagnosis or early detection of disease conditions.

Academic scholars face the daunting challenge of keeping pace with the rapid evolution of innovative technologies. The emergence of AI-driven solutions, deep learning frameworks, and medical robotics introduces a complex terrain, demanding in-depth understanding and analysis. As scholars navigate the intricacies of patient hate speech detection, cardiovascular diseases AI-CDSS, and the revolution in medical diagnostics, a pressing need arises for comprehensive insights that bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical applications. Driving Smart Medical Diagnosis Through AI-Powered Technologies and Applications serves as a solution in this era of transformative healthcare and addresses these challenges head-on. It unravels the complexities surrounding the implementation of AI in healthcare, offering in-depth discussions on the latest breakthroughs. From unraveling the mysteries of AI-driven cataract detection to exploring the implications of decentralized mammography classification, the book is a valuable resource that equips scholars with the knowledge to navigate this innovative landscape.

This book presents an overview of how machine learning and data mining techniques are used for tracking and preventing diseases. It covers several aspects such as stress level identification of a person from his/her speech, automatic diagnosis of disease from X-ray images, intelligent diagnosis of Glaucoma from clinical eye examination data, prediction of protein-coding genes from big genome data, disease detection through microscopic analysis of blood cells, information retrieval from electronic medical record using named entity recognition approaches, and prediction of drug-target interactions. The book is suitable for computer scientists having a bachelor degree in computer science. The book is an ideal resource as a reference book for teaching a graduate course on AI for Medicine or AI for Health care. Researchers working in the multidisciplinary areas use this book to discover the current developments. Besides its use in academia, this book provides enough details about the state-of-the-art algorithms addressing various biomedical domains, so that it could be used by industry practitioners who want to implement AI techniques to analyze the diseases. Medical institutions use this book as reference material and give tutorials to medical experts on how the advanced AI and ML techniques contribute to the diagnosis and prediction of the diseases.

This book provides a wide-ranging overview of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms in ophthalmology. Expertly written chapters examine AI in age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, retinopathy of prematurity and diabetic retinopathy screening. AI perspectives, systems and limitations are all carefully assessed throughout the book as well as the technical aspects of DL systems for retinal diseases including the application of Google DeepMind, the Singapore algorithm, and the Johns Hopkins algorithm. Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology meets the need for a resource that reviews the benefits and pitfalls of AI, ML and DL in ophthalmology. Ophthalmologists, optometrists, eye-care workers, neurologists, cardiologists, internal medicine specialists, AI engineers and IT specialists with an interest in how AI can help with early diagnosis and monitoring treatment in ophthalmic patients will find this book to be an indispensable guide to an evolving area of healthcare technology.

This book provides a thorough overview of the ongoing evolution in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) within healthcare and radiology, enabling readers to gain a deeper insight into the technological background of AI and the impacts of new and emerging technologies on medical imaging. After an introduction on game changers in radiology, such as deep learning technology, the technological evolution of AI in computing science and medical image computing is described, with explanation of basic principles and the types and subtypes of AI. Subsequent sections address the use of imaging biomarkers, the development and validation of AI applications, and various aspects and issues relating to the growing role of big data in radiology. Diverse real-life clinical applications of AI are then outlined for different body parts, demonstrating their ability to add value to daily radiology practices. The concluding section focuses on the impact of AI on radiology and the implications for radiologists, for example with respect to training. Written by radiologists and IT professionals, the book will be of high value for radiologists, medical/clinical physicists, IT specialists, and imaging informatics professionals.