Artificial Intelligence Safety

The history of robotics and artificial intelligence in many ways is also the history of humanity’s attempts to control such technologies. From the Golem of Prague to the military robots of modernity, the debate continues as to what degree of independence such entities should have and how to make sure that they do not turn on us, its inventors. Numerous recent advancements in all aspects of research, development and deployment of intelligent systems are well publicized but safety and security issues related to AI are rarely addressed. This book is proposed to mitigate this fundamental problem. It is comprised of chapters from leading AI Safety researchers addressing different aspects of the AI control problem as it relates to the development of safe and secure artificial intelligence. The book is the first edited volume dedicated to addressing challenges of constructing safe and secure advanced machine intelligence. The chapters vary in length and technical content from broad interest opinion essays to highly formalized algorithmic approaches to specific problems. All chapters are self-contained and could be read in any order or skipped without a loss of comprehension.

The history of robotics and artificial intelligence in many ways is also the history of humanity’s attempts to control such technologies. From the Golem of Prague to the military robots of modernity, the debate continues as to what degree of independence such entities should have and how to make sure that they do not turn on us, its inventors. Numerous recent advancements in all aspects of research, development and deployment of intelligent systems are well publicized but safety and security issues related to AI are rarely addressed. This book is proposed to mitigate this fundamental problem. It is comprised of chapters from leading AI Safety researchers addressing different aspects of the AI control problem as it relates to the development of safe and secure artificial intelligence. The book is the first edited volume dedicated to addressing challenges of constructing safe and secure advanced machine intelligence. The chapters vary in length and technical content from broad interest opinion essays to highly formalized algorithmic approaches to specific problems. All chapters are self-contained and could be read in any order or skipped without a loss of comprehension.

Can we make machines that think and act like humans or other natural intelligent agents? The answer to this question depends on how we see ourselves and how we see the machines in question. Classical AI and cognitive science had claimed that cognition is computation, and can thus be reproduced on other computing machines, possibly surpassing the abilities of human intelligence. This consensus has now come under threat and the agenda for the philosophy and theory of AI must be set anew, re-defining the relation between AI and Cognitive Science. We can re-claim the original vision of general AI from the technical AI disciplines; we can reject classical cognitive science and replace it with a new theory (e.g. embodied); or we can try to find new ways to approach AI, for example from neuroscience or from systems theory. To do this, we must go back to the basic questions on computing, cognition and ethics for AI. The 30 papers in this volume provide cutting-edge work from leading researchers that define where we stand and where we should go from here.

"Fox and Das insist that the same intelligence (artificial and human) must be applied to guaranteeing safety as to assuring acceptable task performance. Medicine is an excellent field for application of this approach, but it also serves as an example for the entire field of design, where issues of safety are never absent."--BOOK JACKET.

Artificial Intelligence and Global Security: Future Trends, Threats and Considerations brings a much-needed perspective on the impact of the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies in military affairs. Experts forecast that AI will shape future military operations in ways that will revolutionize warfare.

What Is Artificial Intelligence Safety Artificial intelligence (AI) safety is an interdisciplinary field that focuses on the prevention of accidents, abuse, and other potentially negative outcomes that could be caused by artificial intelligence (AI) systems. It comprises machine ethics and AI alignment, both of which attempt to make AI systems moral and beneficial, while AI safety encompasses technical concerns such monitoring systems for hazards and making them extremely reliable. Both of these aspects aim to make AI systems more trustworthy and beneficial. In addition to AI research, it entails the development of standards and guidelines that prioritize safety. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: AI safety Chapter 2: Machine learning Chapter 3: Artificial general intelligence Chapter 4: Applications of artificial intelligence Chapter 5: Adversarial machine learning Chapter 6: Existential risk from artificial general intelligence Chapter 7: AI alignment Chapter 8: Explainable artificial intelligence Chapter 9: Neuro-symbolic AI Chapter 10: Hallucination (artificial intelligence) (II) Answering the public top questions about artificial intelligence safety. (III) Real world examples for the usage of artificial intelligence safety in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of artificial intelligence safety' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of artificial intelligence safety.

The past decade has seen swift progress in AI research. Today’s state of the art systems dramatically outperform humans in narrow areas such as understanding how proteins fold or playing chess and Go. They are closing in on expert performance in other areas: for example, they achieve marks that outperform the average doctor and lawyer in professional exams and perform similarly to the average software engineer on some coding challenges. Advances in AI could transform society for the better, for example by accelerating scientific innovation. However, the rapid development of AI systems' capabilities has drawn increased attention to the risks that advanced AI systems could pose to society in the near future, whether via accidents, misuse by bad actors, or loss of control. In this book, Dan Hendrycks, Director of the Center for AI Safety, provides a comprehensive introduction to how current AI systems work, why we might be concerned about potential catastrophic risks from AI, and how society can manage and mitigate these risks.

In recent years, interest and progress in the area of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have boomed, with new applications vigorously pursued across many sectors. At the same time, the computing and communications technologies on which we have come to rely present serious security concerns: cyberattacks have escalated in number, frequency, and impact, drawing increased attention to the vulnerabilities of cyber systems and the need to increase their security. In the face of this changing landscape, there is significant concern and interest among policymakers, security practitioners, technologists, researchers, and the public about the potential implications of AI and ML for cybersecurity. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop on March 12-13, 2019 to discuss and explore these concerns. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.