Assistance To Greece And Turkey Hearings Before The Committee On Foreign Relations 80 1 On S 938 A Bill To Provide Assistance To Greece And Turkey March 1947

America's experience in Greece has often been cited as a model by those later policymakers in Washington who regard the involvement as a "victory" for American foreign policy. Indeed, President Johnson and others referred to Greece as the model for America's deepening involvement in Vietnam during the mid-1960's. Greece became the battlefield for a new kind of war--one that included the use of guerrilla warfare, propaganda, war in the shadows, terror tactics and victory based on outlasting the enemy. It was also a test before the world of America's resolve to protect the principle of self-determination. Jones argues that American policy towards Greece was the focal point in the development of a global strategy designed to combat totalitarianism. He also argues that had the White House and others drawn the real "lessons" from the intervention in Greece, the decisions regarding Vietnam might have been more carefully thought out.

V.1: Contains transcripts of certain House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. International peace-keeping agency participation by U.S. June 8, 11, 1943. p. 19-70. Includes discussions of views of British Prime Minister Winston S. Churchill and of U.S. public opinion on such participation. b. Briefing on U.N. Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) draft agreement. July 7, 1943. p. 75-99. Includes discussions of development of multi-national war relief planning by European governments-in-exile and use of lend-lease program funds for European economic war relief. c. Italy in UNRRA aid programs. July 10, 1945. p. 101-119. Includes discussions of possible Italian economic collapse and UNRRA funding. d. U.N. participation by U.S. Dec. 7, 10-12, 1945. p. 123-211. Includes consideration of invitation to locate U.N. headquarters in U.S. e. Procurement of supplies for U.N. and other international organizations by U.S. July 14, 1947. p. 215-242. f. U.N. headquarters agreement on future N.Y.C. location and granting of certain reciprocal diplomatic privileges. July 19, 1947. p. 243-268. g. Resolution welcoming Italy's WWII liberation. Oct. 19, 1943. p. 367-382. Includes discussion of impact of resolution on U.S. relations with other wartime adversaries of Italy. h. Diplomatic relations with Italy. June 13, 1944. p. 383-392. i. Italy invited to become a U.N. member. July 10, 1945. p. 393-400. v.2: Contains transcripts of certain House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Discussion of rescue and relief of European Jews from Nazi persecution by an international organization. Nov. 19, 23, 24, 26, Dec. 2, 1943. p. 1-247. Includes discussions of Allies' policies on Nazi genocide program, role of neutral nations in assisting Jewish and other war refugees, U.S. quotas on European and Jewish immigration, British policies on Jewish immigration to Palestine, and Allied programs for war refugee relief. c. Discussion of Jewish homeland and unrestricted immigration rights in Palestine state. Dec. 17, 1945. p. 295-361. Includes discussions of British and U.S. commitment to Balfour Declaration principles, political activities and objectives of Zionist organizations in Palestine, and European Jewish war refugee problems. d. Lend-Lease military air program extension. Feb. 8, 13, 1945. p. 383-391. Includes discussion of French and Soviet participation in the program. e. War criminals apprehension and punishment. Apr. 24, 1945. p. 413-428. Includes discussions of U.N. War Crimes Commission authority and jurisdiction, U.S. policies on apprehension of alleged war criminals in neutral countries, and the relationship between Congress and State Dept in war crime affairs. f. Eastern Europe, Soviet Union, and Middle East travel reports by Reps. Karl E. Mundt and Frances P. Bolton to U.S. military intelligence officers. Nov. 9, 1945. p. 437-463. Includes discussions of Soviet life, Soviet use of Allied Control Commission occupation authority in Eastern Europe, East European Jewish immigration to Palestine and anti-Semitism in Soviet Union and Poland, Arab anti-Zionism and Arab-Jewish tensions in Palestine; Yugoslav, Greek, and Turkish political affairs; British, French, and Soviet roles in Middle East, and the role of women in Saudi Arabia. g. German industrial plant dismantlement. Dec. 4, 16, 1947. p. 499-548. Includes discussion of German economic recovery and impact of industrial plant dismantlement and war reparations program, Inter-Allied Reparations Agency policies, and Soviet cooperation in war reparations and industrial plant dismantlement programs. v.5: Contains transcripts of House Foreign Affairs Committee and joint House-Senate conference committee executive sessions on the Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949. July 29, Aug. 3-5, 9-12, 15, Sept. 26, 27, 1949. v.6: Contains transcripts of House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Mutual Defense Assistance Program of 1950. June 8, 9, 13, 14, 22, 1950. p. 7-179. Includes discussions of European mutual defense programs coordination and strategic production facilities aid requirements, Greek political affairs, and former WWII Axis powers rearmament. b. Testimony before a joint meeting with House Armed Services Committee by Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower on European defense and military strategy programs. June 2, 1951. p. 267-302. c. Aid to Greece and Turkey. Mar. 25, 26, Apr. 11, 1947. p. 317-415. Includes discussions of communist guerrilla and revolutionary activities in Greece; Yugoslavian, Bulgarian, Albanian, and Soviet support for Greek communist activities; British role in Greek affairs; Soviet demands on Turkey for certain border areas and military bases at the Dardanelles; and political stability of Turkish government. d. Latin American Military Assistance. June 18, July 10, 1947. p. 471-570. Includes discussion of Canadian-U.S. mutual defense programs. v.7: Contains transcripts of certain House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Philippine military aid program. June 7, 1946. p. 11-33. b. Nationalist China military aid program. June 19, 26, 1946. p. 109-142. Includes discussions of support for Nationalist Chinese in civil war against Communist forces, possible conflict of aid program with U.N. Charter provisions, and repatriation of Japanese forces still in China. c. Nationalist China aid provisions for Foreign Assistance Act. Feb. 20, Mar. 5, 9, 10, 1948. p. 159-268. Includes discussions of extent of Nationalist Chinese economic and military aid requirements due to civil war against Communist forces, military competency of Nationalist Chinese Armed Forces, Soviet activities in China, parallels between Greek and Chinese aid and political affairs, and economic aid programs for Japan, Korea, and Ryukyu Islands. d. Nationalist China economic aid and rural development programs. Mar. 4, 14, 15, 25, 28, 1949. p. 343-468. Includes discussions of loss of Nationalist Chinese control over much of mainland China to Communist forces, effectiveness of proposed programs for non-Communist controlled areas in strengthening Nationalist Chinese military and political position, and possibility of a coalition Nationalist-Communist government being organized. e. Briefing on final loss of Nationalist Chinese control over mainland China to Communist forces. Apr. 6, 1949. p. 497-534. v.8: Contains transcripts of House Foreign Affairs Committee executive session hearings. Transcribed hearings are. a. Korea Assistance Acts. June 16, 17, 20-24, 30, 1949. p. 19-326. Includes discussion of communist control in China and U.S. aid policies impact on communist expansion in Asia, withdrawal of U.S. forces from South Korea and military threat from North Korea, Soviet and communist Chinese relations with North Korean government, and parallels between U.S. aid programs to Greece with those to Nationalist China and South Korea. Also includes briefing on a Paris conference of British, French, Soviet and U.S. Foreign Ministers on European affairs. b. Mutual Defense Assistance Programs, 1950. June 20, 1950. p. 462-515. Focuses on aid to Philippines and Taiwan.

A history of the relationship between Great Britain and the United States ranges from the establishment of the first English colony in the New World to the present day, examining both nations in terms of what connected them and what drove them apart.