Atlas Of Contrast Enhanced Sonography Of Focal Liver Lesions

This book offers an image-based, comprehensive quick reference guide that will assist in the interpretation of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) examinations of the liver in daily practice. It describes and depicts typical and atypical behavior of both common and less frequently observed focal liver lesions. For each type of lesion, the findings on pre- and post-contrast images are presented and key characteristics are highlighted. Individual chapters also focus on the assessment of response to locoregional and systemic treatment and the impact of European guidelines on CEUS. The Atlas of Contrast-Enhanced Sonography of Focal Liver Lesions will serve as an invaluable hands-on tool for practitioners who need to diagnose liver lesions using CEUS in the major clinical settings: oncology patients, cirrhotic patients, and patients with incidental focal liver lesions.

In the last few years, the development of sonographic contrast agents - or "microbubbles" - has stimulated increasingly intensive studies on the rela tionships between ultrasound and contrast media. As a result, "contrast -spe cific" hardware and software systems have been introduced by different ultra sound manufacturers with impressive speed. This has finally led to the birth of a very new imaging modality -"contrast-enhanced sonography" (CEUS). Since 1999, the introduction of second-generation contrast agents has represented a decisive step towards the extensive clinical use of CEUS and has simultaneously made obsolete most, if not all, scientific publications available so far. This book is, to our knowledge, the first to deal entirely with second generation contrast agents and the most updated contrast-specific software for noncardiologic uses. The reasons why the liver has been chosen as the only "target" of the book are easily understandable by radiologists and hepatologists alike. The study of vascularity is the only purpose of CEUS, and the liver has a unique vascular system, with two different inflow systems resulting in a single outflow. Furthermore, the pathologically different focal liver lesions (FLLs) are mostly characterized by different "models" of vascularity: CEUS can mimic contrast enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, basing differential diagnosis on the morphological and temporal characteristics of enhancement, but with the additional unique advantage of the study being done in real-time.

This book aims to provide reader an overview of clinical applications of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in hepatic neoplasms diagnosis. Ultrasound images and pathological results of different hepatic neoplasms are introduced in the chapters, including benign liver tumors, malignant liver tumors, hepatic carcinoma, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, rare liver benign and malignant neoplasms, regenerative nodules, inflammatory pseudotumor, parasite liver lesions, and hepatitis peliosis, etc. The combination of ultrasound findings with final histopathological results then discover the potential mechanical of contrast enhancement changes. With the development of ultrasound technology and widely application of ultrasound contrast agents (USCA) in recent decades, contrast-specific imaging modalities have been developed in combination with USCA and a low mechanical index (MI), allowing continuous real-time grey scale imaging. The updated contrast-specific software for liver diseases and hepatic tumors diagnosis has also been described described in detail. With high-resolution contrast ultrasound images during arterial phase, portal venous phase and late phase, author wants to show the whole dynamic wash-in and wash-out process of the different focal liver lesions.This book is an invaluable resource for radiologists, hepatologists and oncologists in their everyday clinical practice.

This atlas covers "virgin territory in the field of sonography". tumours, all of these have allowed us to derive general statements as Cultivation of this territory has been made possible a) by the develop to signal enhancement in different types of liver lesion. ment of a signal enhancement agent consisting of gas microbubbles which are able to pass through the lungs and are capable of re Here, similarities were found with other imaging procedures which sonance and b) by the technical realisation of 2nd harmonic imaging. also make use of contrast agents. Both of these have been available to us since April 1996. Haemangiomas receive special attention in this book. This is due This book stems from the particular situation of a long friendship to their frequent occurrence and the outstanding improvements in dia between a physicist with medical knowledge and a physician with gnosis which are provided by echo enhancers. technical expertise. The equipment settings and the examination pro cedure which form the basis for the images in the atlas are the result We are convinced that an echo-enhanced sonography that pro of intensive efforts, originating in a desire to achieve the maximum vides few artefacts will have an important role to play in the future. that is physically feasible and clinically desirable. This procedure is Our results to date justify the assumption that additional diagnostic now routine in our Sonography Department. procedures can be dispensed with when echo-enhanced ultrasound findings are clear.

This open access book deals with imaging of the abdomen and pelvis, an area that has seen considerable advances over the past several years, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The respective chapters, written by internationally respected experts in their fields, focus on imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease; they cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As such, the book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in imaging of the abdomen and pelvis. It will be of interest to general radiologists, radiology residents, interventional radiologists, and clinicians from other specialties who want to update their knowledge in this area.

Featuring 137 carefully selected cases, this atlas covers virtually every aspect of clinical cross-sectional imaging of the liver, gallbladder, biliary system and pancreas. For the vast majority of the cases, both CT and MR images are included to demonstrate the different features of each lesion. Furthermore, both typical and atypical pathologies are included to facilitate the differential diagnosis in daily clinical practice. Concise yet comprehensive,this atlas includes not only imaging features of the lesions but also the related pathologic and clinical data. It is therefore useful both as a quick guide for practicing radiologists and as a brief textbook for radiologists in training.

Medical book on diagnostic Ultrasound covering normal and pathological ultrasound anatomy, Doppler techniques, physics and instrumentation. • The book consists of 20 chapters and contains more than 2000 images including colour Doppler illustrations, numerous schemes and tables. • The first chapter covers the basics of ultrasound physics and instrumentation written in easily understandable language . • The second chapter deals with the principles governing the description of ultrasound images and instructions for working with ultrasound machines, together with the basics of Doppler studies and the use of contrast agents. • Chapter three is intended to help beginners understand the normal ultrasound images in relation to cross sectional anatomy of the abdominal cavity. • The next chapters deal with the pathological findings of various organs and systems of the human body: thorax, abdominal organs, bladder and prostate, superficial organs such as the thyroid, mammary and salivary glands, and scrotum. • A separate chapter has been dedicated to paediatric ultrasound. Every chapter begins with description of the normal anatomy and images followed by an explanation of the technique of examination of each organ. • The book contains many practical suggestions to overcome problems that can interfere with the production of a clear ultrasound image.

Elastography, the science of creating noninvasive images of mechanical characteristics of tissues, has been rapidly evolving in recent years. The advantage of this technique resides in the ability to rapidly detect and quantify the changes in the stiffness of soft tissues resulting from specific pathological or physiological processes. Ultrasound elastography is nowadays applied especially on the liver and breast, but the technique has been increasingly used for other tissues including the thyroid, lymph nodes, spleen, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, prostate, and the musculoskeletal and vascular systems. This book presents some of the applications of strain and shear-wave ultrasound elastography in hepatic, pancreatic, breast, and musculoskeletal conditions.