Ayyi Ra

An in-depth investigation of a kind of spoken Arabic where speakers combine features from standard Arabic and the vernacular, producing 'mixed styles' - which show certain patterns of distribution, but also variable usage across speakers. The framework represents a comparative sociolinguistic perspective.

Professor Gutas deals here with the lives, sayings, thought, and doctrines of Greek philosophers drawn from sources preserved in medieval Arabic translations and for the most part not extant in the original. The Arabic texts, some of which are edited here for the first time, are translated throughout and richly annotated with the purpose of making the material accessible to classical scholars and historians of ancient and medieval philosophy. Also discussed are the modalities of transmission from Greek into Arabic, the diffusion of the translated material within the Arabic tradition, the nature of the Arabic sources containing the material, and methodological questions relating to Graeco-Arabic textual criticism. The philosophers treated include the Presocratics and minor schools such as Cynicism, Plato, Aristotle and the early Peripatos, and thinkers of late antiquity. A final article presents texts on the malady of love drawn from both the medical and philosophical (problemata physica) traditions.

This book examines diglossia within the framework of code-switching through an analysis of negation, deixis, and mood marking in Arabic monologues. It reassesses theoretical approaches to diglossia and code-switching in the light of empirical data, and examines the discourse functions of code-switching and the factors that influence it.

In the final phase of its pre-modern period of existence, Islamic Law is based mainly on the fatwa collections of two prominent Arab jurists and one Turkish jurist from this period. The book re-examines the basic methodological structure of Islamic law (including its complex relations with the state) and poses the question as to whether Islamic law became increasingly closed and rigid. It was found that no such closure ever took place. Flexibility and openness remained vital, via terms such as istihsan, ijtihad and 'urf. Unheralded innovation was also common. The book will be of importance to those interested in Islamic law, as well as to those interested in Islamic thought in general and the relations between society and the state.

This is The Quran With Tafsir Ibn Kathir Part 27 0f 30. This Part of the Qur'an covers Chapter 51: Az Zariyat 031 To Chapter 57: Al Hadid 029. The 30 Parts of this publication gather in one place all relevant information needed to make the Qur'an more understandable and easier to study. This publication provides the following: 1. The Arabic Text for those who are able to read the Arabic language 2. Transliteration of the Arabic text for those who are unable to read the Arabic script. This will give them a sample of the sound of the original Arabic Qur'an, which they could not otherwise comprehend from reading the English meaning only 3. The meaning of the qur'an in English(translated by Dr. Muhammad Taqi-ud-Din Al-Hilali, Ph.D. and Dr. Muhammad Muhsin Khan) 4. abridged Tafsir (Explanation) by Ibn Kathir (translated under the supervision of Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri) We hope that by doing this an ordinary English-speaker will be able to pick up a copy of this book and study and comprehend The Glorious Qur'an in a way that is acceptable to the understanding of the Rightly-guided Muslim Ummah (Community)

Aristotle's theory of eternal continuous motion and his argument from everlasting change and motion to the existence of an unmoved primary cause of motion, provided in book VIII of his Physics, is one of the most influential and persistent doctrines of ancient Greek philosophy. Nevertheless, the exact wording of Aristotle's discourse is doubtful and contentious at many places. The present critical edition of Ishaq ibn Hunayn's Arabic translation (9th c.) is supposed to replace the faulty edition by A. Badawi and aims at contributing to the clarification of these textual difficulties by means of a detailed collation of the Arabic text with the most important Greek manuscripts, supported by comprehensive Greek and Arabic glossaries.