Believe Obey Fight Political Socialization Of Youth In Fascist Italy 1922 1943
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Believe Obey Fight
Author | : Tracy H. Koon |
Publsiher | : UNC Press Books |
Total Pages | : 366 |
Release | : 2017-11-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9781469610146 |
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The Fascist regime under Mussolini regarded its youth as its best hope for the future. Young people were courted more assiduously than any other group in the society and their political socialization became a central concern of the government. Believe, Obey, Fight discusses the various tools used by the Fascist regime from 1922 to 1943 to shape the political values and environment of the young. Tracy Koon focuses on the secondary agents of socialization, including the party, the educational establishment, youth groups, and the media of political communication. She shows that the response to this socialization ranged from apparent consent to dissent and finally to open opposition. The regime employed several methods to produce consensus among the young. Koon's analysis begins with a discussion of the rhetorical style of Mussolini's message and the key political myths manipulated by his propaganda machine: fascism as continuing revolution and social justice, the glories of ancient Rome, the hygienic function of war and violence, the religious spirit of the new creed, and the omniscience of the leader. She then describes the pre-Fascist educational system, the "most Fascist" Gentile reforms of 1923, and the later revision of those reforms by zealous party men engaged in the Fascist regimentation of teachers and students and the militarization and politicization of curricula and textbooks. Equally important agents of socialization were the Fascist groups organized for young people from their earliest years through the university level, including the annual national competitions and forums in which members could express their ideas on a range of issues. The regime provided physical, military, sports, and political training to strengthen the new Fascist society. Fascist socialization did for a time create a superficial consensus by appealing to both the love of conformity that marks the very young and the economic fears that caused students to conform in the hope of jobs. But Koon argues that the regime's attempt to exert totalitarian control over the young deprived them of personal identity. As time passed, the contradictions of the regime became clearer, the chasm between Fascist rhetoric and reality more obvious. In the end, the majority of young people came to believe that the regime had given them nothing to believe in, no one to obey, and nothing for which to fight. Originally published in 1985. A UNC Press Enduring Edition -- UNC Press Enduring Editions use the latest in digital technology to make available again books from our distinguished backlist that were previously out of print. These editions are published unaltered from the original, and are presented in affordable paperback formats, bringing readers both historical and cultural value.
Believe Obey Fight
Author | : Tracy H. Koon |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 994 |
Release | : 1977 |
Genre | : Fascism |
ISBN | : OCLC:9814756 |
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Believe Obey Fight
Author | : Tracy Hutchins Koon |
Publsiher | : Unknown |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 1983 |
Genre | : Fascism and youth |
ISBN | : OCLC:1345053057 |
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War Veterans and Fascism in Interwar Europe
Author | : Ángel Alcalde |
Publsiher | : Cambridge University Press |
Total Pages | : 0 |
Release | : 2019-03-28 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 1316648184 |
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This book explores, from a transnational viewpoint, the historical relationship between war veterans and fascism in interwar Europe. Until now, historians have been roughly divided between those who assume that 'brutalization' (George L. Mosse) led veterans to join fascist movements and those who stress that most ex-soldiers of the Great War became committed pacifists and internationalists. Transcending the debates of the brutalization thesis and drawing upon a wide range of archival and published sources, this work focuses on the interrelated processes of transnationalization and the fascist permeation of veterans' politics in interwar Europe to offer a wider perspective on the history of both fascism and veterans' movements. A combination of mythical constructs, transfers, political communication, encounters and networks within a transnational space explain the relationship between veterans and fascism. Thus, this book offers new insights into the essential ties between fascism and war, and contributes to the theorization of transnational fascism.
The Cult of the Duce
Author | : Stephen Gundle,Christopher Duggan,Giuliana Pieri |
Publsiher | : Oxford University Press |
Total Pages | : 304 |
Release | : 2015-01-31 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 0719096634 |
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The cult of the Duce is the first book to explore systematically the personality cult of the Fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, looking in detail at its many manifestations in the visual arts, architecture, political spectacle and the media, and analyses its controversial resonances in the postwar period.
The Anatomy of Fascism
Author | : Robert O. Paxton |
Publsiher | : Vintage |
Total Pages | : 338 |
Release | : 2007-12-18 |
Genre | : Political Science |
ISBN | : 9780307428127 |
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What is fascism? By focusing on the concrete: what the fascists did, rather than what they said, the esteemed historian Robert O. Paxton answers this question. From the first violent uniformed bands beating up “enemies of the state,” through Mussolini’s rise to power, to Germany’s fascist radicalization in World War II, Paxton shows clearly why fascists came to power in some countries and not others, and explores whether fascism could exist outside the early-twentieth-century European setting in which it emerged. "A deeply intelligent and very readable book. . . . Historical analysis at its best." –The Economist The Anatomy of Fascism will have a lasting impact on our understanding of modern European history, just as Paxton’s classic Vichy France redefined our vision of World War II. Based on a lifetime of research, this compelling and important book transforms our knowledge of fascism–“the major political innovation of the twentieth century, and the source of much of its pain.”
Fascist Spectacle
Author | : Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi |
Publsiher | : Univ of California Press |
Total Pages | : 318 |
Release | : 2023-09-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9780520926158 |
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This richly textured cultural history of Italian fascism traces the narrative path that accompanied the making of the regime and the construction of Mussolini's power. Simonetta Falasca-Zamponi reads fascist myths, rituals, images, and speeches as texts that tell the story of fascism. Linking Mussolini's elaboration of a new ruling style to the shaping of the regime's identity, she finds that in searching for symbolic means and forms that would represent its political novelty, fascism in fact brought itself into being, creating its own power and history. Falasca-Zamponi argues that an aesthetically founded notion of politics guided fascist power's historical unfolding and determined the fascist regime's violent understanding of social relations, its desensitized and dehumanized claims to creation, its privileging of form over ethical norms, and ultimately its truly totalitarian nature.
Education in Nazi Germany
Author | : Lisa Pine |
Publsiher | : Berg |
Total Pages | : 168 |
Release | : 2010-01-01 |
Genre | : History |
ISBN | : 9781845202651 |
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This book offers a compelling new analysis of Nazi educational policy, arguing that in order to understand National Socialism, we need to understand its policies on youth.