Beyond Raw Materials

The dominant neoliberal approach presents politics and political economy as nuisances which disturb the smooth operation of self-regulating markets. But political economy is not merely an academic issue – it is a class issue, and this book forcefully argues that political economy should return to a central position in the study of the social sciences. Offering nothing less than a reconciliation of Marxian, Keynesian and neoclassical economics, the work opens with a discussion of the key, interconnected economic concepts which help us to understand capitalism: price, income, profit, value, growth and crisis. Prices reflect income distribution and therefore class relations, and the chapters show that the very emergence of capitalism resulted from mass empowerment of the so-called "lower orders". Profit is always available if entrepreneurs spend on net investment and create incomes for additional labour; this, in turn, requires expanding demand, and so therefore profit depends on rising mass incomes. Conversely, underdevelopment is the result of the destitution and disempowerment of the masses. In the Global South today, it is clear that enormous riches go hand in hand with widespread misery and poverty because the market does not transform wealth into the kind of investment that might benefit all. This book argues that the new wealth triggered by productivity increases has enabled the rich to liberate themselves from the capitalist constraints of competition and waste their new wealth in the form of rents. The main threat today is, in fact, the globalisation of rent. The text makes a point for a progressive counter strategy: capitalist structures that empower labour need to be transferred to the Global South. This requires political and economic efforts towards empowering labour in the Global South. This book demonstrates the analytical power of political economy for all social scientists and will be invaluable reading for economists, political scientists and sociologists in particular.

A long history of migration, trade, and shared interests links China to Latin America and the Caribbean. Over the past twenty years, China has increased direct investment and restructured trade relations in the region. In addition, Chinese public sector enterprises, private companies, and various branches of the central government have planned, developed, and built a large number of infrastructure projects in Latin America and the Caribbean, such as dams, roads, railways, energy grids, security systems, telecommunication networks, hospitals, and schools. These projects have had a profound impact on local environments and economies and help shape the lived experiences of individuals. Each chapter in this volume examines how the impact of these infrastructure projects varies in different countries, focusing on how they produce new forms of global connectivity between various sectors of the economy and the resulting economic and cultural links that permeate everyday life.

Many excellent books and articles have been published about log homes. Some focus on the aesthetics, style and decorating of log homes. Some focus on building methods -- from "build your own" to technical instructions. None examine the specific evaluation of log structures to build a high performance structure. This book is intended to provide industry-specific information that can serve as a solid reference for technical discussion. It can benefit presentations to code administrators or legislators to help folks understand the benefits of log building. It is intended to bolster adoption of ICC400 as the "Log Building Code" worldwide. The Peril of Log Building documents the course of action that has stymied the log home industry. It is a search for the answer that supports and explains the thermal performance of log walls. It provides a discussion of the elements of log home design and construction as established by ICC400 and why those elements are important. It includes worksheets as examples of those methods of evaluation.

Boost M&A outcomes with less risk by learning from mistakes of the past Material Adverse Change will help you close more successful mergers and acquisitions by analyzing the common root causes of deal failures from before the Great Recession to today. The time between signing and closing a deal is a particularly risky period where the buyer has committed to purchase the company, but the seller continues to operate it while waiting for regulatory approval or funding to close out the deal. A Material Adverse Change clause allows the buyer to back out of the transaction if certain adverse events occur during this period. By designing this safety net into the contract, you’re free to take the time to examine records, meet with employees, and fully understand the legal issues at hand. If the target loses value during that time, in certain cases, you’re free to walk away. This book explores the full power of the Material Adverse Change clause, and today’s M&A in general. You’ll dig into the real causes of M&A failure, and discover the traits and practices that lead to poor results as you learn how to avoid these common mistakes and drive more successful deals. Recent case studies highlight common mistakes made—and propagated—by otherwise intelligent people, so you can identify and eliminate these practices within your own organization. A large acquisition is already a delicate balancing act. Why complicate it with the exponential risk by not doing your homework? This book shows you how to apply best practices to increase your chances of successful deals and avoid potentially career ending mistakes. Explore the true root causes of M&A failures of the past Analyze the personality traits that drive suboptimal outcomes Implement new practices to avoid mistakes and close successful deals Learn why common-sense errors are repeated over and over again The M&A market has grown to become a major factor in the global economy, yet many buyers do less investigation than consumers making everyday purchases. Material Adverse Change shows you how to slash risk and improve your chances of completing better deals.

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 14.0px Verdana} As an art form, jewelry is defined primarily through its connection to and interaction with the body—extending it, amplifying it, accentuating it, distorting it, concealing it, or transforming it. Addressing six different modes of the body—Adorned, Divine, Regal, Transcendent, Alluring, and Resplendent—this artfully designed catalogue illustrates how these various definitions of the body give meaning to the jewelry that adorns and enhances it. Essays on topics spanning a wide range of times and cultures establish how jewelry was used as a symbol of power, status, and identity, from earflares of warrior heroes in Pre-Colombian Peru to bowknot earrings designed by Yves Saint-Laurent. These most intimate works of art provide insight into the wearers, but also into the cultures that produced them. More than 200 jewels and ornaments, alongside paintings and sculptures of bejeweled bodies, demonstrate the social, political, and aesthetic role of jewelry from ancient times to the present. Gorgeous new illustrations of Bronze Age spirals, Egyptian broad collars, Hellenistic gold armbands, Japanese courtesan hair adornments, jewels from Mughal India, and many, many more explore the various facets of jewelry and its relationship to the human body over 5,000 years of world history.

Modern humans and their hominid ancestors relied on chipped-stone technology for well over two million years and colonized more than 99 percent of the Earth's habitable landmass in doing so. Yet there currently exist only a handful of informal models derived from ethnographic observation, experiments, engineering, and "common sense" to explain variability in archaeological lithic assemblages. Because the fundamental processes of making, using, and discarding stone tools are, at root, exercises in problem solving, Todd Surovell asks what conditions favor certain technological solutions. Whether asking if a biface should be made thick or thin or if a flake should be saved or discarded, Surovell seeks answers that extend beyond a case-by-case analysis. One avenue for addressing these questions theoretically is formal mathematical modeling. Here Surovell constructs a series of models designed to link environmental variability to human decision making as it pertains to lithic technology. To test the models, Surovell uses data from the analysis of more than 40,000 artifacts from five Rocky Mountain and Northern Plains Folsom and Goshen complex archaeological sites dating to the Younger Dryas stadial (ca. 12,600-11,500 years BP). The primary result is the production of powerful new analytical tools useful to the interpretation of archaeological assemblages. Surovell's goal is to promote modeling and explore the general issues governing technological decisions. In this light, his models can be applied to any context in which stone tools are made and used.