Biochemical Catalysts In Life And Industry Proteolytic Enzymes

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Excerpt from Biochemical Catalysts in Life and Industry: Proteolytic Enzymes All, so far as Chemistry yet permits us to say, have composi tions similar to those of the albuminoids. However, they are accompanied by mineral matter whose presence has been recog nized, in certain cases, as being useful, or even necessary as, for example, manganese in the process of oxidation, or calcium in the coagulation of blood so that one ends by asking if the rcle of these substances, in vital manifestations in general, is not even a greater one than has hitherto been supposed. The constant presence of iron in the hemoglobin, of magnesium in the chloro phyll, or of iodine in the thyroids, is perhaps an indication of unknown catalytic action, which would thus explain the physi ological importance of these substances, from the points of View of respiration, the assimilation of carbon dioxide and the normal functioning of the organism, respectively. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

The application of enzymes or whole cells (fermentatively active or resting; microbial, plant, or animal) to carry out selective transformations of commercial importance is the central theme of industrial biocatalysis. Traditionally, biocatalysis has been in the domain of the life scientist or biochemical engineer. However, recent advances in this field have enabled biocatalytic processes to compete head on with, and in some cases out perform, conventional chemical processing. Chemo-biocatalytic systems are being developed thereby combining the most attractive features of bio catalysts, namely high specificity, with those of chemical catalysts, such as high reactivities and wide substrate specificities. Hence, synthetic chemists and chemical engineers are now beginning to use biocatalysts as highly selective reagents in chemical synthesis and processing. This book is about biocatalysts and their past, present, and potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. The con cept of the book did not emanate from a meeting. Rather, it is a compila tion of selected examples where biocatalysis either has already made a significant impact in the aforementioned industries, or has the potential to make a substantial contribution. I have been fortunate to have assembled contributions from world-class researchers in the field of biocatalysis. Their timely contributions are sincerely appreciated.

Mittlerweile nutzen alle so genannten Life Sciences (z.B. Pharma- und Ernährungswissenschaften) die Möglichkeiten der Biokatalyse. Auch das Interesse der verarbeitenden Industrie an umweltverträglichen Prozessen wächst stetig. Da kommt es nicht von ungefähr, dass die Erforschung von Biokatalysatoren weiter vorangeschritten ist als die anderer Katalysatorentypen. Biocatalysis gibt einen aktuellen Überblick über das Wissen in diesem Gebiet, von den theoretischen Grundlagen bis hin zu Anwendungen und einem Ausblick in die Zukunft. Bommarius und Riebel geht es in ihrem Buch nicht nur um Reaktionen, Produkte und Prozesse im Zusammenhang mit biologischen Katalysen und Katalysatoren. Sie erläutern auch den Prozess der Entwicklung und Verbesserung von Biokatalysatoren. Dabei schenken sie den Bereichen Chemie, Biologie und Biotechnologie die gleiche Aufmerksamkeit, so dass ihr Buch für Praktiker und Studenten aus allen drei Bereichen von Nutzen ist. Biocatalysis gliedert sich in die Abschnitte "Grundlagen und Basis-Tools", "Fortgeschrittene Tools" sowie "Anwendungen". Im ersten Teil gehen die Autoren unter anderem auf die Stellung der Biokatalyse in der Biotechnologie ein, beschreiben Isolierung und Vorbereitung von Mikroorganismen und stellen molekularbiologische Tools für die Biokatalyse vor. Teil II beschreibt zum Beispiel die Enzymherstellung sowie Methoden zur Protein-Untersuchung und beschäftigt sich mit pharmazeutischen Anwendungen der Biokatalyse und der Bioinformatik. Im letzten Abschnitt geht es schließlich um künstliche Enzyme, das Design biokatalytischer Prozesse und um neue Möglichkeiten, die sich durch den Einsatz der Bioinformatik eröffnen.