Bioethanol Fuel Production Processes I

This book presents research on biomass pretreatments, which are a fundamental part of bioethanol fuel production to make biomass more accessible. This book also includes an introductory section on the bioethanol fuels. Bioethanol Fuel Production Processes. I: Biomass Pretreatments is the first volume in the Handbook of Bioethanol Fuels (Six-Volume Set). The primary pretreatments at the macro level are the biological chemical, hydrothermal, and mechanical pretreatments of the biomass. It also has an introductory section on the biomass pretreatments at large for bioethanol fuel production. The major pretreatments at the micro level are the enzymatic and fungal pretreatments of the biomass as the biological pretreatments, acid, alkaline, ionic liquid, and organic solvent pretreatment pretreatments of the biomass as the chemical pretreatments, steam explosion and liquid hot water pretreatments of the biomass as the hydrothermal pretreatments, and milling, ultrasonic, and microwave pretreatments of the biomass as the mechanical pretreatments. The first volume also indicates that a wide range of pretreatments stand alone or in combination with each other fractionate the biomass to its constituents of cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose and improve both sugar and bioethanol fuel yield, making this bioethanol fuel more competitive in relation to crude oil- and natural gas-based fossil fuels. This first volume is a valuable resource for the stakeholders primarily in the research fields of energy and fuels, chemical engineering, environmental science and engineering, biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, agricultural sciences, food science and engineering, materials science, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, plant sciences, water resources, economics, business, management, transportation science and technology, ecology, public, environmental and occupational health, social sciences, toxicology, multidisciplinary sciences, and humanities among others.

This book provides an overview of the research on production processes for bioethanol fuels in general, hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass for bioethanol production, microbial fermentation of hydrolysates and substrates with yeasts for bioethanol production, and separation and distillation of bioethanol fuels from the fermentation broth, complementing the research on biomass pretreatments presented in the first volume. It presents an overview of the research on biomass hydrolysis in general, wood hydrolysis, straw hydrolysis, and cellulose hydrolysis for bioethanol fuel production in the first section for biomass hydrolysis. It provides an overview of the research on microbial hydrolysate fermentation for bioethanol production in general, alternative fermentation processes for bioethanol fuel production such as simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and consolidated biomass processing (CBP) compared with the separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) process, metabolic engineering of microorganisms and substrates for bioethanol fuel production, and utilization of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for microbial fermentation of hydrolysates for bioethanol fuel production in the second section for hydrolysate fermentation. It provides an overview of the research on the bioethanol fuel separation from the fermentation broth in the last section. This book is a valuable resource for the stakeholders primarily in the research fields of energy and fuels, chemical engineering, environmental science and engineering, biotechnology, microbiology, chemistry, physics, mechanical engineering, agricultural sciences, food science and engineering, materials science, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, plant sciences, water resources, economics, business, management, transportations science and technology, ecology, public, environmental and occupational health, social sciences, toxicology, multidisciplinary sciences, and humanities among others.

Focusing on fundamentals of biofuel production from renewable energy sources and biohydrogen production, this book offers a complete understanding of the bioconversion processes. Each chapter begins with a fundamental explanation for general readers and ends with in-depth scientific details suitable for expert readers. It discusses different types of production technologies covering basic concepts, production strategies, commercial usage, and advances.

The Office of Fuels Development (OFD), a component of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Transportation Technologies, manages the federal government's effort to make biomass-based ethanol (bioethanol) and biodiesel a practical and affordable alternative to gasoline. Through the National Biomass Ethanol Program, the OFD is overseeing key research and development (R&D) and industry-government partnerships for the establishment of a cellulosic biomass ethanol industry. Cellulosic biomass resources being investigated include agronomic and forest crop residues, woody crops, perennial grasses, and municipal wastes. Starch-based sources, such as cereal grains (e.g., corn grain), are not included in this program. The objective of the program is to promote the commercialization of enzyme-based technologies to produce cost-competitive bioethanol for use as transportation fuel. The OFD requested that the National Research Council estimate the contribution and evaluate the role of biofuels (biomass-derived ethanol and biodiesel) as transportation fuels in the domestic and international economies, evaluate OFD's biofuels strategy, and recommend changes in this strategy and the R&D goals and portfolio of the OFD in the near-term to midterm time frame (about 20 years). During this period, a number of complex, interacting factors, including advances in the technologies used to produce biofuels at a competitive cost, the elimination of tax incentives, advances in vehicle and engine technologies, growing concerns about solid waste disposal and air pollution, and global measures to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, will affect the position of biofuels in transportation fuel markets.

Bioethanol Production from Food Crops: Sustainable Sources, Interventions and Challenges comprehensively covers the global scenario of ethanol production from both food and non-food crops and other sources. The book guides readers through the balancing of the debate on food vs. fuel, giving important insights into resource management and the environmental and economic impact of this balance between demands. Sections cover Global Bioethanol from Food Crops and Forest Resource, Bioethanol from Bagasse and Lignocellulosic wastes, Bioethanol from algae, and Economics and Challenges, presenting a multidisciplinary approach to this complex topic. As biofuels continue to grow as a vital alternative energy source, it is imperative that the proper balance is reached between resource protection and human survival. This book provides important insights into achieving that balance. Presents technological interventions in ethanol production, from plant biomass, to food crops Addresses food security issues arising from bioethanol production Identifies development bottlenecks and areas where collaborative efforts can help develop more cost-effective technology

Bioethanol is a versatile transportation fuel and fuel additive that offers excellent performance and reduced air pollution compared to conventional fuels. Its production and use adds little, if any, net release of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, dramatically reducing the potential for global climate change. Through a sustained research program and an emerging economic competitiveness, the technology for bioethanol production is poised for immediate widespread commercial applications. Written by engineers and scientists providing a technical focus, this handbook provides the up-to-date information needed by managers, engineers, and scientists to evaluate the technology, market, and economics of this fuel, while examining the development of production required to support its commercial use.

Process engineering can potentially provide the means to develop economically viable and environmentally friendly technologies for the production of fuel ethanol. Focusing on a key tool of process engineering, Process Synthesis for Fuel Ethanol Production is a comprehensive guide to the design and analysis of the most advanced technologies for fuel

Bioethanol is one of the main biofuels currently used as a petroleum-substitute in transport applications. However, conflicts over food supply and land use have made its production and utilisation a controversial topic. Second generation bioalcohol production technology, based on (bio)chemical conversion of non-food lignocellulose, offers potential advantages over existing, energy-intensive bioethanol production processes. Food vs. fuel pressures may be reduced by utilising a wider range of lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks, including energy crops, cellulosic residues, and, particularly, wastes. Bioalcohol production covers the process engineering, technology, modelling and integration of the entire production chain for second generation bioalcohol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Primarily reviewing bioethanol production, the book’s coverage extends to the production of longer-chain bioalcohols which will be elemental to the future of the industry. Part one reviews the key features and processes involved in the pretreatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioalcohol production, including hydrothermal and thermochemical pretreatment, and fractionation to separate out valuable process feedstocks. Part two covers the hydrolysis (saccharification) processes applicable to pretreated feedstocks. This includes both acid and enzymatic approaches and also importantly covers the development of particular enzymes to improve this conversion step. This coverage is extended in Part three, with chapters reviewing integrated hydrolysis and fermentation processes, and fermentation and co-fermentation challenges of lignocellulose-derived sugars, as well as separation and purification processes for bioalcohol extraction. Part four examines the analysis, monitoring and modelling approaches relating to process and quality control in the pretreatment, hydrolysis and fermentation steps of lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production. Finally, Part five discusses the life-cycle assessment of lignocellulose-to-bioalcohol production, as well as the production of valuable chemicals and longer-chain alcohols from lignocellulosic biomass. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Bioalcohol production is a standard reference for fuel engineers, industrial chemists and biochemists, plant scientists and researchers in this area. Provides an overview of the life-cycle assessment of lignocelluloses-to-bioalcohol production Reviews the key features and processes involved in the pre-treatment and fractionation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioalcohol production Examines the analysis, monitoring and modelling approaches relating to process and quality control in pre-treatment, hydrolysis and fermentation