Building Capacity For Nuclear Security

Each State has the primary responsibility to build the capacity of organizations and people in order to develop, implement, and sustain a nuclear security regime. To discharge its responsibilities, the State has to strengthen its capacity at national, organizational and individual levels. Specifically, the State has to be able to enhance the competences and capabilities of relevant stakeholders in fulfilling their responsibilities within the nuclear security regime. Such endeavour involves various elements in capacity building, ranging from education and training to the development of a knowledge network. This publication is intended to serve as a reference document for Member States to develop a national capacity building strategy for nuclear security. It addresses all organizations involved in nuclear security and reflects the multidisciplinary and cross-institutional nature of this task, as well as the long term efforts that are required. .

This publication provides guidance to States, competent authorities and operators on appropriate nuclear security measures during each stage in the lifetime of a nuclear facility, from initial planning of the facility through to its final decommissioning. The publication addresses effective nuclear security in the transition between stages and applies to the nuclear security of nuclear material and nuclear facilities throughout the lifetime of all types of nuclear facility. Although focused on nuclear power, the guidance contained in this publication may be useful for States developing nuclear programs with other types of facility, including those for research and development.

"Nuclear safety and nuclear security share the same goal: to protect individuals, the public and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation. However, the activities that address nuclear safety and nuclear security are different, and actions taken to strengthen nuclear safety may affect nuclear safety and nuclear security positively or negatively, and vice versa. It is therefore essential to establish a well coordinated approach to managing the interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security so that relevant measures are implemented in a manner that aims to capitalize on opportunities that may be available for mutual enhancement without compromising either nuclear safety or nuclear security. The responsibility for nuclear safety and nuclear security within a State rests entirely with that State. In this context, the importance of international cooperation and the central role of the IAEA is widely recognized. The IAEA assists Member States in establishing or strengthening their nuclear safety infrastructure as well as their nuclear security infrastructure. In addition, it provides support to establish synergy between both infrastructures to ensure that actions taken in the two fields compliment rather than compromise each other. The interface between nuclear safety and nuclear security is highlighted in IAEA safety standards and nuclear security guidance. This publication was developed from the exchange of information, experiences and practices by participating Member States at the IAEA Technical Meeting on Safety and Security Interface -- Approaches and National Experiences, held in Vienna in 2018. The information presented in this publication summarizes the views expressed by the participants during the technical meeting; it is not a consensus report" --from the Foreword.

This open access book traces the journey of nuclear law: its origins, how it has developed, where it is now, and where it is headed. As a discipline, this highly specialized body of law makes it possible for us to benefit from the life-saving applications of nuclear science and technology, including diagnosing cancer as well as avoiding and mitigating the effects of climate change. This book seeks to give readers a glimpse into the future of nuclear law, science and technology. It intends to provoke thought and discussion about how we can maximize the benefits and minimize the risks inherent in nuclear science and technology. This compilation of essays presents a global view in discipline as well as in geography. The book is aimed at representatives of governments -- including regulators, policymakers and lawmakers -- as well representatives of international organizations and the legal and insurance sectors. It will be of interest to all those keen to better understand the role of law in enabling the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology around the world. The contributions in this book are written by leading experts, including the IAEA's Director General, and discuss the four branches of nuclear law -- safety, security, safeguards and nuclear liability -- and the interaction of nuclear law with other fields of national and international law.

The identification and assessment of threats provides an essential basis for the selection, design, and implementation of nuclear security measures. For nuclear material and other radioactive material that is under regulatory control, and associated facilities and activities, the results of this identification and assessment are expressed as a design basis threat or representative threat statement describing the intentions and capabilities of potential adversaries against which the materials and associated facilities and activities are to be protected. An Implementing Guide was issued in 2009 under the title of Development, Use and Maintenance of the Design Basis Threat which was updated and revised. The result of this revision is the current publication. It provides a step-by-step methodology for conducting a national nuclear security threat assessment including both physical and computer security aspects, and for the development, use and maintenance of design basis threats and representative threat statements.