Carrier S Liability Under The Hague Hague Visby And Hamburg Rules

Carriers who assume an obligation to carry cargo from one place to another by sea are the only ones in a position to prevent loss or damage to the cargo, and so by rights assume a degree of liability for its safety. Such liability is defined in the three maritime transport regimes, adopted respectively in 1924, 1968, and 1992. A practicing attorney and consultant to the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Karan (law, Ankara U.) explores the liability principles that should be uniformly accepted or rejected for legal reasons, limiting his discussion to legal aspects of the international carriage of goods by sea as covered by the relevant sections of the three conventions. The text is double spaced. Annotation : 2004 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com).

This volume provides a critical analysis of the carrier's liability under both the Hague/Hague-Visby and Hamburg Rules. It also considers the question of whether or not the Hamburg Rules introduce a different liability regime and materially increase the carrier's liability vis-à-vis the Hague/Hague-Visby Rules. Focusing on Australian and English jurisprudence, the work demonstrates that, quite contrary to prevailing opinions, the Hamburg Rules do not significantly change the carrier's existing liability. Indeed, in a number of areas, the legal position of the carrier is ameliorated. On the basis that both international conventions do not differ materially in terms of practical legitimacy, concludes the author, it makes no fundamental difference whatsoever, within the general context of carrier liability, whether one convention or the other is adopted. This scholarly publication will be of particular interest to practising lawyers, law professors and students as well as professionals engaged in maritime transport.

This book addresses the legal and contractual obligations of sea carriers regarding due care for the cargo under a contract of carriage. While the general framework employed is the leading international liability regime, the Hague-Visby Rules, the discussions in each chapter also account for the possible future adoption of a new regime, the Rotterdam Rules. The subject matter concerns the standard for the duty of care for goods as codified in the Hague-Visby Rules, but the work also touches upon a wide range of related topics found both in law and in practice, providing valuable commercial, technical and historical links as well as various solutions that have been found at the national and international level to address challenges arising in this specialised area of law. The book is divided into six chapters, which gradually reveal the complexity of the topic. Chapter 1 provides a thorough introduction to the two main transport documents in use, and to the basic logic behind shipping, sea-going trade and related national and international legislation. In turn, Chapter 2 presents an overview of the relevant provisions of the Hague-Visby Rules. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 examine the problems arising out of the insertion of a FIOS(T) clause in the contract of carriage; the carriage of goods on deck; and the carriage of goods in containers, respectively. Lastly, Chapter 6 provides an overall conclusion on the legal status quo and current practice, as well as future prospects. The book was written with a number of potential readers in mind and is intended to open up the topic to a broader audience. It is suitable both for readers who wish to advance their learning (e.g. professionals, practitioners and postgraduates) and for readers with little or no prior knowledge of the topic (e.g. students and researchers).

Essay from the year 2015 in the subject Law - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,0 (A), , language: English, abstract: The transportation of goods between exporters in one country and importers in another is one of the most important elements of international commerce and thus constitutes a significant part of an international sales contract. Even today, a large amount of cargo is still transported from one country to another by sea. Thus, bills of lading continue to play a crucial role. As defined by Lord Justice Blackburn in “Blackburn on the Contract of Sale” , a bill of lading is "[a] writing signed on behalf of the owner of ship in which goods are embarked, acknowledging the receipt of the Goods, and undertaking to deliver them at the end of the voyage, subject to such conditions as may be mentioned in the bill of lading." For a carrier, a bill of lading serves as evidence of a shipping contract and contains the terms of carriage. In particular, as any agreements not specified on the bill of lading do not affect third parties, the bill plays a crucial role in international trade. In terms of international universal rules which are applicable for international carriages, and especially bills of lading, the most influential sets of rules are the Hague Rules and the Hague-Visby Rules, as well as the Hamburg Rules. Accordingly, the responsibilities and liabilities of carriers in cases in where goods are being transported on the basis of bills of lading are determined by the Hague and the Hague-Visby Rules, which are widely accepted in this realm. The Hamburg Rules, in contrast to the previous two, has found itself under more political pressure from developed nations and hence defines responsibilities of carriers in a wider fashion. However, due to this, it has not been as widely ratified and is, thus, more limited in its application. However, due to the less wide net of the Hague-Visby Rules in relation to the period of responsibility as well as definitional issues regarding the limitation of liability and immunities of third parties in bills of lading, there is still a sense of uncertainty in the area of carriage contracts. These will be briefly discussed in the following. A particular focus will be placed on the issues in defining third parties and the mechanisms used to link the effects of tortious claims to contractual claims under international uniform law. This will be followed by an examination of the rationale and legitimacy issues of Himalaya clauses to grant third parties liability protection under universal international law.

This text provides the user with a clear introduction to the Hamburg rules, including a clause-by-clause commentary on the interpretation of the rules. This revised edition includes case studies showing how some major Hague-Visby cases would have been decided by applying the Hamburg rules, a summary of the articles on the subject, together with a list of other sources of information. The views of two practitioners is complimented by the offical UNCTAD commentary to present a balanced analysis of the rules.

This book deals with the carrier’s liability for deck cargo in the Nordic countries and England as state parties of the Hague-Visby Rules. The comparative method serves to illustrate two widely differing methods of dealing with, first, the exclusion of certain deck cargo from the scope of the Hague-Visby Rules and, second, where not excluded, the Rules failure to include a special deck cargo liability regime. Various solutions similar to the English or Nordic approach, or a combination of the two, have also been adopted in a large number of other jurisdictions. Taking into consideration the massive quantities of cargo that are carried on deck today, the subject is more topical than ever. The complexity of the problem stems from the way in which the deck has, over the years, gradually become a common place to stow cargo. When the Hague Rules were introduced in 1924, deck stowage was an absolute exception due to the great risks involved. As such, the topic must first be looked at in the context of the shipping realities in which the Hague Rules were drafted and then in terms of today’s shipping realities. The comparative analysis leading up to the author’s conclusions and general remarks for future legislation consists of two parts, the first dealing with the situations in which the carrier is permitted to stow cargo on deck, and the second with the carrier’s liability for deck cargo where he has stowed cargo on deck with, or as the case may be, without such permission.