Cba Record

Thoroughly updated and expanded, this fourth edition focuses on the use of curriculum-based assessment to ensure learning disabled and low-achieving students adequate educational opportunities. The text explores ways of providing detail and explanation in the context of current and emerging issues in educational assessment and standards. The point that educational success is more than just avoiding failure is emphasized, and throughout the book, precise definitions and examples of various instructional situations are presented. Shifting emphasis from identifying deficit areas to finding and inventorying skills and abilities, CBA requires an intimate relationship between teaching and testing. To help the instructor achieve this balance, the author offers examples and methods of implementation through reading and arithmetic activities and discusses at length the issues involved in test validity and grading. The primary objective of curriculum-based assessment is the success of students, and much of the book is devoted to its two primary steps: finding the level on the curriculum where the student can succeed and then incorporating assessment practices in the daily teaching activities so that success is an ongoing affair. To further update this edition, two additional new chapters have been added: “The Paradox of Setting Standards by Grade Level” and “Assessing Writing.” The book’s simple format, readability, and detailed descriptions of instructional methodology make it a significant resource. Designed to assist instructors, curriculum persons, special educators, and administrators, the book will also be helpful to researchers, counselors, social workers, and other professionals in human service organizations.

Republic of Armenia: Selected Issues

What determines the systematic allocation of status, power, and economic reward among lawyers? What kind of social structure organizes lawyers' roles in the bar and in the larger community? As Heinz and Laumann convincingly demonstrate, the legal profession is stratified primarily by the character of the clients served, not by the type of legal service rendered. In fact, the distinction between corporate and individual clients divides the bar into two remarkably separate hemispheres. Using data from extensive personal interviews with nearly 800 Chicago lawyers, the authors show that lawyers who serve one type of client seldom serve the other. Furthermore, lawyers' political, ethno-religious, and social ties are very likely to correspond to those of their client types. Greater deference is consistently shown to corporate lawyers, who seem to acquire power by association with their powerful clients. Heinz and Laumann also discover that these two "hemispheres" of the legal profession are not effectively integrated by intraprofessional organizations such as the bar, courts, or law schools. The fact that the bar is structured primarily along extraprofessional lines raises intriguing questions about the law and the nature of professionalism, questions addressed in a provocative and far-ranging final chapter. This volume, published jointly with the American Bar Foundation, offers a uniquely sophisticated and comprehensive analysis of lawyers' professional lives. It will be of exceptional importance to sociologists and others interested in the legal profession, in the general study of professions, and in social stratification and the distribution of power.