Cellular Response To Physical Stress And Therapeutic Application

Not all that cannot be seized is an illusion Many effective powers in nature cannot be seized, including magnetism, electricity and sound. However, they contribute to shaping the quality of human life on a daily basis, transcending health and disease as they interact with the human body. Magnetism is important for stability on earth; however, exposure of the body to magnetic fields is not inert. Such exposure has been reported to alter hormone secretion and stimulate bone formation in vivo. Its coupling with electricity provides light and heat to our planet at certain wavelengths. Yet, the infiltration of shorter or longer wavelengths can be disastrous. For instance, ultraviolet radiation can cause inflammatory skin reactions and carcinogenesis at certain levels. In addition, ionising radiation is claimed to be the driving force for the origin of power resources on earth, while human exposure to radiation is related to the worlds most devastating events. On the other hand, sound, which is a mechanical wave, has been reported to affect cells at inaudible levels, causing alterations in the gene expression and cell death.All these energies as such are identified to exert physical stresses in a biological milieu especially when thresholds of exposure are exceeded. But still hard times have significance Researchers have been accumulating knowledge on the biological effects of these physical stressors and their underlying mechanisms on the molecular and genetic levels, that over years they were able to achieve control over these physical stressors for the benefit of human kind. Nowadays, we see most of these energies employed in diagnosis such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound as well as in therapeutics. In our rigorous war against cancer, numerous patients have been cured from tumours by physical means such as ionising radiation, heating (RF and MW hyperthermia or ablation) or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Through the chapters of this book, the readers will get introduced to such physical stressors and their biological effects. Recent findings on molecular mechanisms will be thoroughly presented. In addition, perspectives on the modulation of these energies to achieve further therapeutic advantages will be discussed.

Not all that cannot be seized is an illusion! Many effective powers in nature cannot be seized, including magnetism, electricity and sound. However, they contribute to shaping the quality of human life on a daily basis, transcending health and disease as they interact with the human body. Magnetism is important for stability on earth; however, exposure of the body to magnetic fields is not inert. Such exposure has been reported to alter hormone secretion and stimulate bone formation in vivo. Its coupling with electricity provides light and heat to our planet at certain wavelengths. Yet, the infiltration of shorter or longer wavelengths can be disastrous. For instance, ultraviolet radiation can cause inflammatory skin reactions and carcinogenesis at certain levels. In addition, ionizing radiation is claimed to be the driving force for the origin of power resources on earth, while human exposure to radiation is related to the world's most devastating events. On the other hand, sound, which is a mechanical wave, has been reported to affect cells at inaudible levels, causing alterations in the gene expression and cell death. All these energies as such are identified to exert physical stresses in a biological milieu especially when thresholds of exposure are exceeded. But still "hard times" have significance! Researchers have been accumulating knowledge on the biological effects of these physical stressors and their underlying mechanisms on the molecular and genetic levels, that over years they were able to achieve control over these physical stressors for the benefit of human kind. Nowadays, we see most of these energies employed in diagnosis such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound as well as in therapeutics. In our rigorous war against cancer, numerous patients have been cured from tumors by physical means such as ionizing radiation, heating (RF and MW hyperthermia or ablation) or high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Through the chapters of this book, the readers will get introduced to such physical stressors and their biological effects. Recent findings on molecular mechanisms will be thoroughly presented. In addition, perspectives on the modulation of these energies to achieve further therapeutic advantages will be discussed.

This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the first volume to be written on the neuropeptide PACAP. It covers all domains of PACAP from molecular and cellular aspects to physiological activities and promises for new therapeutic strategies. Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide is the twentieth volume published in the Endocrine Updates book series under the Series Editorship of Shlomo Melmed, MD.

In 1981, Plenum Press published a text entitled The Nature and Treatment of the Stress Response by Robert Rosenfeld, M. D. , and me. That text attempted to do what no other text from a major publisher had previously attempted, that is, to create a clinically practical guide for the treatment of excessive stress and its arousal-related syndromes-this to be captured between the same covers in combination with a detailed, clinically relevant pedagogy on the neurological and endocrinological foundations of the stress re sponse itself. That volume has enjoyed considerable success having found markets among practicing professionals and clinical students as well. The fields of psychosomatic medicine, health psychology, behavioral medicine, and applied stress research have appreciably expanded their boundaries since the publication of the aforementioned volume. Although remarkably little of the clinical utility of that volume has been eroded with time, it was felt that an updated and more integrative clinical textbook needed to be offered to practicing clinicians and students within clinical rather than simply create a second edition of training programs. Therefore, was made to create a significantly revised the original volume, the decision and expanded volume that would cover many of the same topics as the original volume but would provide a primary emphasis on the treatment of excessive stress and that would employ an integrative phenomenological model to facilitate that end. This present volume entitled A Clinical Guide to the Treatment of the Human Stress Response is the result.

It has been over 50 years since Hans Selye formulated his concept of stress. This came after the isolation of epinephrine and norepinephrine and after the sympathetic system was associated with Walter Cannon's "fight or flight" response. The intervening years have witnessed a number of dis coveries that have furthered our understanding of the mechanisms of the stress response. The isolation, identification and manufacture of gluco corticoids, the identification and synthesis of ACTH and vasopressin, and the demonstration of hypothalamic regulation of ACTH secretion were pivotal discoveries. The recent identification and synthesis of CRR by Willie Vale and his colleagues gave new impetus to stress research. Several new concepts of stress have developed as a result of advances in bench research. These include the concept of an integrated "stress sys tem", the realization that there are bi-directional effects between stress and the immune system, the suggestion that a number of common psychiatric disorders represent dysregulation of systems responding to stress, and the epidemiologic association of stress with the major scourges of humanity.

This book surveys the current knowledge concerning the expression and function of stress proteins in different organisms, ranging from prokaryotes to humans. It provides an overview of the diversity and complex evolutionary history of cell stress proteins and describes their function and expression in different eukaryote models. The book will appeal to researchers and scientists in biochemistry, cell biology, microbiology, immunology, and genetics.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis controls reactions to stress and regulates various body processes such as digestion, the immune system, mood and sexuality, and energy usage. This volume focuses on the role it plays in the immune system and provides substantive experimental and clinical data to support current understanding in the field, and potential applications of this knowledge in the treatment of disease. * Evidence presented in this book suggests that the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems form the Neuroendoimmune Supersystem, which integrates all the biological functions of higher organisms both in health and disease for their entire life cycle. * Contributors include both the scientists who initiated the work on the HPA axis and on the autonomic nervous system, and those who joined the field later.