Chemical Treatment Of Naphthenic Acid In High Total Acid Number Crude Oil

This book presents new insights into the development of different aspects of petroleum science and engineering. The book contains 19 chapters divided into two main sections: (i) Exploration and Production and (ii) Environmental Solutions. There are 11 chapters in the first section, and the focus is on the topics related to exploration and production of oil and gas, such as characterization of petroleum source rocks, drilling technology, characterization of reservoir fluids, and enhanced oil recovery. In the second section, the special emphasis is on waste technologies and environmental cleanup in the downstream sector. The book written by numerous prominent scholars clearly shows the necessity of the multidisciplinary approach to sustainable development in the petroleum industry and stresses the most updated topics such as EOR and environmental cleanup of fossil fuel wastes.

High Acid Crudes quickly gets the refinery manager and all other relative personnel up to date on this particular type of feedstock by providing an overview and relevant details of the identification of high acid crudes and their influence on the refinery’s process units, especially regarding corrosion potential. Covering the types, effects on the various refining units, and proper acid stripping techniques, High Acid Crudes effectively trains refinery personnel with a quick reference guide for day-to-day use in today’s refineries. Due to their discounted value but potential for higher production rates, refineries are accepting more of high acidic crude feedstocks, otherwise referred to as “opportunity or “challenging crude oils. Refining of these resources is still increasing due to high oil prices, with China dominating this market and doubling their production of high acid crudes by 2015. Processing these resources can significantly increase any refinery’s productivity, but knowledge and proper training for the refinery manager and crude supplier is key to reducing the risk that is commonly associated with high acid feedstocks, while still maintaining clean production standards. Provides an overview of the identification of high acid crudes and their influence on the refinery’s process units Covers the types of high acid crudes, effects on the various refining units, and proper acid stripping techniques Trains refinery personnel as a quick reference guide for day-to-day use for today’s refinery

The corrosion of carbon steels in amine units used for gas treatment in refining operations is a major problem for the petrochemical industry. Maximising amine unit reliability, together with improving throughput, circulation and treatment capacity, requires more effective ways of measuring and predicting corrosion rates. However, there has been a lack of data on corrosion. This valuable report helps to remedy this lack of information by summarising findings from over 30 plants. It covers such amine types as methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), diethanolamine (DEA), monoethanolamine (MEA) and di-isopropanolamine (DIPA), and makes recommendations on materials and process parameters to maximise amine unit efficiency and reliability. Covers such amine types as Methyl Diethanolamine (MDEA) and Di-isopropanolamine Makes recommendations on materials and process parameters to maximise amine unit efficiency and reliability

Oil field chemicals are gaining increasing importance, as the resources of crude oil are decreasing. An increasing demand of more sophisticated methods in the exploitation of the natural resources emerges for this reason. This book reviews the progress in the area of oil field chemicals and additives of the last decade from a rather chemical view. The material presented is a compilation from the literature by screening critically approximately 20,000 references. The text is ordered according to applications, just in the way how the jobs are emerging in practice. It starts with drilling, goes to productions and ends with oil spill. Several chemicals are used in multiple disciplines, and to those separate chapters are devoted. Two index registers are available, an index of chemical substances and a general index. * Gives an introduction to the chemically orientated petroleum engineer. * Provides the petroleum engineer involved with research and development with a quick reference tool. * Covers interdisciplinary matter, i.e. connects petroleum recovery and handling with chemical aspects.

An Overview of a Rapidly Expanding Area in Chemistry Exploring the future in chemical analysis research, Ionic Liquids in Chemical Analysis focuses on materials that promise entirely new ways to perform solution chemistry. It provides a broad overview of the applications of ionic liquids in various areas of analytical chemistry, in

Collection of selected, peer reviewed papers from the 27th Regional Conference on Solid State Science and Technology 2013 (RCSSST27), December 20-22, 2013, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. The 121 papers are grouped as follows: Chapter 1: Advanced Ceramics; Chapter 2: Catalytic Materials; Chapter 3: Composites and Polymers; Chapter 4: Electrochemical; Chapter 5: Manganite and Magnetic Materials; Chapter 6: Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology; Chapter 7: Materials and Technologies in Waste Utilization and Environmental Engineering; Chapter 8: Technology of Glass; Chapter 9: Materials and Technologies in Electronics and Optoelectronics; Chapter 10: Superconductor Materials; Chapter 11: Materials and Technologies in Production of Thin Films; Chapter 12: Sensors and Techniques of Measurements in Materials Science and Production

Marine Ecotoxicology: Current Knowledge and Future Issues is the first unified resource to cover issues related to contamination, responses, and testing techniques of saltwater from a toxicological perspective. With its unprecedented focus on marine environments and logical chapter progression, this book is useful to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators involved or interested in marine waters. As human interaction with these environments increases, understanding of the pollutants and toxins introduced into the oceans becomes ever more critical, and this book builds a foundation of knowledge to assist scientists in studying, monitoring, and making decisions that affect both marine environments and human health. A team of world renowned experts provide detailed analyses of the most common contaminants in marine environments and explain the design and purpose of toxicity testing methods, while exploring the future of ecotoxicology studies in relation to the world’s oceans. As the threat of increasing pollution in marine environments becomes an ever more tangible reality, Marine Ecotoxicology offers insights and guidance to mitigate that threat. Provides practical tools and methods for assessing and monitoring the accumulation and effects of contaminants in marine environments Unites world renowned experts in marine ecotoxicology to deliver thorough and diverse perspectives Builds the foundation required for risk assessors and regulators to adequately assess and monitor the impact of pollution in marine environments Offers helpful insights and guidance to graduate students, ecotoxicologists, risk assessors, and regulators interested in mitigating threats to marine waters