Circuit Techniques For Low Voltage And High Speed A D Converters

This useful monograph presents a total of seven prototypes: two double-sampled S/H circuits, a time-interleaved ADC, an IF-sampling self-calibrated pipelined ADC, a current steering DAC with a deglitcher, and two pipelined ADCs employing the SO techniques.

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) play an important role in most modern signal processing and wireless communication systems where extensive signal manipulation is necessary to be performed by complicated digital signal processing (DSP) circuitry. This trend also creates the possibility of fabricating all functional blocks of a system in a single chip (System On Chip - SoC), with great reductions in cost, chip area and power consumption. However, this tendency places an increasing challenge, in terms of speed, resolution, power consumption, and noise performance, in the design of the front-end ADC which is usually the bottleneck of the whole system, especially under the unavoidable low supply-voltage imposed by technology scaling, as well as the requirement of battery operated portable devices. Generalized Low-Voltage Circuit Techniques for Very High-Speed Time-Interleaved Analog-to-Digital Converters will present new techniques tailored for low-voltage and high-speed Switched-Capacitor (SC) ADC with various design-specific considerations.

With the fast advancement of CMOS fabrication technology, more and more signal-processing functions are implemented in the digital domain for a lower cost, lower power consumption, higher yield, and higher re-configurability. This has recently generated a great demand for low-power, low-voltage A/D converters that can be realized in a mainstream deep-submicron CMOS technology. However, the discrepancies between lithography wavelengths and circuit feature sizes are increasing. Lower power supply voltages significantly reduce noise margins and increase variations in process, device and design parameters. Consequently, it is steadily more difficult to control the fabrication process precisely enough to maintain uniformity. The inherent randomness of materials used in fabrication at nanoscopic scales means that performance will be increasingly variable, not only from die-to-die but also within each individual die. Parametric variability will be compounded by degradation in nanoscale integrated circuits resulting in instability of parameters over time, eventually leading to the development of faults. Process variation cannot be solved by improving manufacturing tolerances; variability must be reduced by new device technology or managed by design in order for scaling to continue. Similarly, within-die performance variation also imposes new challenges for test methods. In an attempt to address these issues, Low-Power High-Resolution Analog-to-Digital Converters specifically focus on: i) improving the power efficiency for the high-speed, and low spurious spectral A/D conversion performance by exploring the potential of low-voltage analog design and calibration techniques, respectively, and ii) development of circuit techniques and algorithms to enhance testing and debugging potential to detect errors dynamically, to isolate and confine faults, and to recover errors continuously. The feasibility of the described methods has been verified by measurements from the silicon prototypes fabricated in standard 180nm, 90nm and 65nm CMOS technology.

This book is a step-by-step tutorial on how to design a low-power, high-resolution (not less than 12 bit), and high-speed (not less than 200 MSps) integrated CMOS analog-to-digital (AD) converter, to respond to the challenge from the rapid growth of IoT. The discussion includes design techniques on both the system level and the circuit block level. In the architecture level, the power-efficient pipelined AD converter, the hybrid AD converter and the time-interleaved AD converter are described. In the circuit block level, the reference voltage buffer, the opamp, the comparator, and the calibration are presented. Readers designing low-power and high-performance AD converters won’t want to miss this invaluable reference. Provides an in-depth introduction to the newest design techniques for the power-efficient, high-resolution (not less than 12 bit), and high-speed (not less than 200 MSps) AD converter; Presents three types of power-efficient architectures of the high-resolution and high-speed AD converter; Discusses the relevant circuit blocks (i.e., the reference voltage buffer, the opamp, and the comparator) in two aspects, relaxing the requirements and improving the performance.

Analog Circuit Design contains eighteen tutorials, reflecting the contributions of six experts, as presented at the 15th workshop on Advances in Analog Circuit Design (AACD). Provides 18 overviews of analog circuit design in High-Speed A-D Converters, Automotive Electronics and Ultra-Low Power Wireless. An essential reference source for the latest developments in the field, tutorial coverage makes it suitable for advanced design courses.

This book contains the revised contributions of the 18 tutorial speakers at the tenth AACD 2001 in Noordwijk, the Netherlands, April 24-26. The conference was organized by Marcel Pelgrom, Philips Research Eindhoven, and Ed van Tuijl, Philips Research Eindhoven and Twente University, Enschede, the Netherlands. The program committee consisted of: Johan Huijsing, Delft University of Technology Arthur van Roermund, Eindhoven University of Technology Michiel Steyaert, Catholic University of Leuven The program was concentrated around three main topics in analog circuit design. Each of these topics has been covered by six papers. The three main topics are: Scalable Analog Circuit Design High-Speed D/A Converters RF Power Amplifiers Other topics covered before in this series: 2000 High-Speed Analog-to-Digital Converters Mixed Signal Design PLL’s and Synthesizers 1999 XDSL and other Communication Systems RF MOST Models Integrated Filters and Oscillators 1998 1-Volt- Electronics Mixed-Mode Systems Low-Noise and RF Power Amplifiers for Telecommunication vii viii 1997 RF A-D Converters Sensor and Actuator Interfaces Low-Noise Oscillators, PLL’s and Synthesizers 1996 RF CMOS Circuit Design Bandpass Sigma Delta and other Converters Translinear Circuits 1995 Low-Noise, Low-Power, Low-Voltage Mixed Mode with CAD Trials Voltage, Current and Time References 1994 Low-Power Low Voltage Integrated Filters Smart power 1993 Mixed-Mode A/D Design Sensor Interfaces Communications Circuits 1992 Op Amps ADC’s Analog CAD We hope to serve the analog design community with these series of books and plan to continue this series in the future. Johan H.

CMOS Data Converters for Communications distinguishes itself from other data converter books by emphasizing system-related aspects of the design and frequency-domain measures. It explains in detail how to derive data converter requirements for a given communication system (baseband, passband, and multi-carrier systems). The authors also review CMOS data converter architectures and discuss their suitability for communications. The rest of the book is dedicated to high-performance CMOS data converter architecture and circuit design. Pipelined ADCs, parallel ADCs with an improved passive sampling technique, and oversampling ADCs are the focus for ADC architectures, while current-steering DAC modeling and implementation are the focus for DAC architectures. The principles of the switched-current and the switched-capacitor techniques are reviewed and their applications to crucial functional blocks such as multiplying DACs and integrators are detailed. The book outlines the design of the basic building blocks such as operational amplifiers, comparators, and reference generators with emphasis on the practical aspects. To operate analog circuits at a reduced supply voltage, special circuit techniques are needed. Low-voltage techniques are also discussed in this book. CMOS Data Converters for Communications can be used as a reference book by analog circuit designers to understand the data converter requirements for communication applications. It can also be used by telecommunication system designers to understand the difficulties of certain performance requirements on data converters. It is also an excellent resource to prepare analog students for the new challenges ahead.