Comprehensive Insights Into Mitral Valve Prolapse From Biology To Future Perspectives Of Treatment Passing Through Diagnostic Tools Surgical Techniques And Transcatheter Options

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP), consisting of an abnormal protrusion of mitral leaflets into the left atrium, is the main cause of severe mitral regurgitation and it often requires surgical or interventional correction. It mainly represents a typical adult disease with an average prevalence in industrialized countries ranging from 2 to 8%, but even the pediatric population may be affected showing specific features concerning both anatomy and treatment. Although its existence and clinical characteristics are known for several decades, every aspect of this pathological condition is in continuous evolution, being the subject of biologists’, cardiologists’ and surgeons’ active research. The aim of the present Research Topic is to address the MVP entity in its completeness, trying to describe all actual knowledge concerning molecular mechanisms, different clinical presentations (fibroelastic degeneration in elderly people or Barlow disease in young patients), diagnostic findings and tools (mainly represented by echocardiography and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), their specific application to newly developed transcatheter and minimally invasive treatments, indications, surgical management and interventional strategies. For all these big chapters, special attention will be addressed to show temporal knowledge evolution and new elements acquisition, since the central message is that MVP is in flux and far from full comprehension.

Recent Progress in Mitral Valve Disease presents a comprehensive examination of the proceedings that resulted from the International Symposium that transpired in Paris. It discusses the anatomy and physiology of the mitral valve. It addresses the cyclical motion of the mitral valve leaflets. Some of the topics covered in the book are the cyclical motion of the mitral annulus; analysis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; diagnoses of acute myocardial ischemia; characteristics of an abnormally functioning, structurally abnormal mitral valve; atrial function in normal cardiac cycle; and atrial function in acute mitral regurgitation. The factors that modify regurgitant volume are fully covered. An in-depth account of the methods for animal preparation and dynamics of acute experimental mitral regurgitation are provided. The uses and limitations of echocardiography in the examination of the mitral valve are completely presented. A chapter is devoted to the timing of surgical intervention in chronic mitral regurgitation. Another section focuses on the status of prosthetic valves in the mitral position. The book can provide useful information to doctors, cardiologists, students, and researchers.

This book discusses the different aspects of mitral regurgitation as well as diagnostic and imaging studies to evaluate the patients at risk. Treatment options for patients with mitral regurgitation are discussed including some of the new non-surgical treatments. Various medical devices and technologies have evolved recently making the traditional surgery not the only option in these patients. This book will be helpful to surgeons, cardiologists, as well as other clinicians and students interested in the diagnosis and treatment of mitral regurgitation.

This book discusses the different aspects of mitral regurgitation as well as diagnostic and imaging studies to evaluate the patients at risk. Treatment options for patients with mitral regurgitation are discussed including some of the new non-surgical treatments. Various medical devices and technologies have evolved recently making the traditional surgery not the only option in these patients. This book will be helpful to surgeons, cardiologists, as well as other clinicians and students interested in the diagnosis and treatment of mitral regurgitation.

The only reference wholly dedicated to this complex topic, Diagnosis and Treatment of Mitral Valve Disease: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides authoritative, must-have information on the disease processes affecting the mitral valve, interpretation of diagnostic studies, and medical, transcatheter, and surgical treatments needed for mitral valve repair. Using a multidisciplinary approach, Drs. Scott Goldman and William Gray oversee a "who's who" team of contributing authors who offer a holistic view of the modern treatment of mitral valve disease for today's cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and other cardiac team members. Includes foundational chapters on anatomy and pathophysiology of the mitral valve-critically important topics when treating multiple complex and highly dynamic structures that function as a single unit. Covers diagnostic tools, medical treatments, surgical therapies, and transcatheter therapies, and provides tips for developing a successful mitral valve program (with baseline thresholds, common pitfalls, and a checklist for hospitals). Uses an accessible, quick-reference format that features takeaway chapter openers, bulleted key points, end-of-chapter summaries, a common nomenclature and glossary of terms, key references, and ample line drawings, photographs, tables, charts, and graphs throughout. Incorporates the essential role of imaging in structural transcatheter interventions, including echocardiography and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER), and their uses in diagnostic work-up, procedural planning, intra-procedural guidance, and follow-up. Features dozens of procedural videos, including transthoracic echocardiogram; cardiac MRI for mitral regurgitation; transcatheter mitral valve repair; transcatheter valvuloplasty; percutaneous mitral valve interventions; MitraClipT positioning; and many more. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

The notion of being able to engineer complete organs has inspired an entire generation of researchers. While recent years have brought significant progress in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, the immense challenges encountered when trying to engineer an entire organ have to be acknowledged. Despite a good understanding of cell phenotypes, cellular niches and cell-to-biomaterial interactions, the formation of tissues composed of multiple cells remains highly challenging. Only a step-by-step approach will allow the future production of a living tissue construct ready for implantation and to augment organ function. In this book, expert authors present the current state of this approach. It offers a concise overview and serves as a great starting point for anyone interested in the application of tissue engineering or regenerative medicine for organ engineering. Each chapter contains a short overview including physiological and pathological changes as well as the current clinical need. The potential cell sources and suitable biomaterials for each organ type are discussed and possibilities to produce organ-like structures are illustrated. The ultimate goal is for the generated small tissues to unfold their full potential in vivo and to serve as a native tissue equivalent. By integrating and evolving, these implants will form functional tissue in-vivo. This book discusses the desired outcome by focusing on well-defined functional readouts. Each chapter addresses the status of clinical translations and closes with the discussion of current bottlenecks and an outlook for the coming years. A successful regenerative medicine approach could solve organ shortage by providing biological substitutes for clinical use - clearly, this merits a collaborative effort.

This is the first textbook to focus on Aortopathy, a new clinical concept for a form of vasculopathy. The first section of the book starts from discussing general concept and history of Aortopathy, and then deals with its pathophysiology, manifestation, intrinsic factor, clinical implication, management and prevention. The second part closely looks at various disorders of the Aortopathy such as bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of aorta. The book editors have published a lot of works on the topic and have been collecting relating data in the field of congenital heart disease for the past 20 years, thus present the book with confidence. The topic - an association of aortic pathophysiological abnormality, aortic dilation and aorto-left ventricular interaction - is getting more and more attention among cardiovascular physicians. This is the first book to refer for cardiologists, pediatric cardiologists, surgeons, ACHD specialists, etc. to acquire thorough knowledge on Aortopathy.