Computer Aided Surgery

Computer-Aided Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Developments, Applications, and Future Perspectives is an ideal resource for biomedical engineers and computer scientists, clinicians and clinical researchers looking for an understanding on the latest technologies applied to oral and maxillofacial surgery. In facial surgery, computer-aided decisions supplement all kind of treatment stages, from a diagnosis to follow-up examinations. This book gives an in-depth overview of state-of-the-art technologies, such as deep learning, augmented reality, virtual reality and intraoperative navigation, as applied to oral and maxillofacial surgery. It covers applications of facial surgery that are at the interface between medicine and computer science. Examples include the automatic segmentation and registration of anatomical and pathological structures, like tumors in the facial area, intraoperative navigation in facial surgery and its recent developments and challenges for treatments like zygomatic implant placement. Provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art knowledge of interdisciplinary applications in facial surgery Presents recent algorithmic developments like Deep Learning, along with recent devices in augmented reality and virtual reality Includes clinical knowledge of two facials surgeons who give insights into the current clinical practice and challenges of facial surgeons in university hospitals in Austria and China

​Computer-Assisted Surgery (CAS) is a new tool for performing complex procedures in a predictable and safe way. This book is designed to serve as a comprehensive review of Computer-Assisted Surgery, covering the current status of both research and applications. CAS includes Virtual Preoperative Planning (VPP) and Intraoperative Virtual Navigation (IVN), which are a set of technologies used to measure oncological margins in 3-Dimensions (3D), to locate small intraosseous tumors and apply controlled resections preserving anatomical structures. During VPP, patient acquired multimodal images are processed and an interactive virtual scenario is created. This can then be used as a platform to measure oncological distances and preplan osteotomies in safe areas. IVN is a procedure which allows the execution of the VPP with a mean error of less than 3mm. For the student, medical doctors, research and development scientists or new researchers, the protocols are central to the performance of Computer-Assisted technologies.

Over the past decades, the field of computer-aided surgery has experienced tremendous developments due to the rapid growth of computing power and the improvements in imaging modalities. Based on the guidance of preoperative planning with CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or other volumetric image data associated with the patient, surgical navigation is being widely used in various human anatomies (eye, ear, nose, pelvis, etc.) for minimising the risks and improving the precision of the surgeries. Furthermore, robotic systems enable surgeons to perform advanced procedures with greater visualization and dexterity than traditional technology. In this book, the authors present current developments, applications and potential hazards in the domain of computer-aided surgery and robotic surgery. Topics in this compilation include surgical navigation system based on 3D Slicer using augmented reality (AR) technology; computer-assisted minimally invasive surgery; a navigation system in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery; spinal surgical navigation system; scrub nurse robot systems for laparoscopic surgery; ultrasound imaging for robotic orthopedic surgery, etc.

This volume focuses on the biomechanical modeling of biological tissues in the context of Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS). More specifically, deformable soft tissues are addressed since they are the subject of the most recent developments in this field. The pioneering works on this CAS topic date from the 1980's, with applications in orthopaedics and biomechanical models of bones. More recently, however, biomechanical models of soft tissues have been proposed since most of the human body is made of soft organs that can be deformed by the surgical gesture. Such models are much more complicated to handle since the tissues can be subject to large deformations (non-linear geometrical framework) as well as complex stress/strain relationships (non-linear mechanical framework). Part 1 of the volume presents biomechanical models that have been developed in a CAS context and used during surgery. This is particularly new since most of the soft tissues models already proposed concern Computer Assisted Planning, with a pre-operative use of the models. Then, the volume addresses the two key issues raised for an intra-operative use of soft tissues models, namely (Part 2) “how to estimate the in vivo mechanical behavior of the tissues?” (i.e. what are the values of the mechanical parameters that can deliver realistic patient-specific behavior?) and (Part 3) “how to build a modeling platform that provides generic real-time (or at least interactive-time) numerical simulations?”

In Computer-Integrated Surgery leading researchers and clinical practitioners describe the exciting new partnership that is being forged between surgeons and machines such as computers and robots, enabling them to perform certain skilled tasks better than either can do alone.The 19 chapters in part I, Technology, explore the components -- registration, basic tools for surgical planning, human-machine interfaces, robotic manipulators, safety -- that are the basis of computer-integrated surgery. These chapters provide essential background material needed to get up to speed on current work as well as a ready reference for those who are already active in the field.The 39 chapters in part II, Applications, cover eight clinical areas -- neurosurgery, orthopedics, eye surgery, dentistry, minimal access surgery, ENT surgery, craniofacial surgery, and radiotherapy -- with a concluding chapter on the high-tech operating room. Each section contains a brief introduction as well as at least one "requirements and opportunities" chapter written by a leading clinician in the area under discussion.

Step-by-Step, Color Presentation of CGIP in Everyday Clinical Practice Computer-guided implant placement (CGIP) helps clinicians precisely implement a treatment plan and accurately place implants with the use of three-dimensional interactive imaging software. The software enables the direct link between anatomic interpretation, surgical and prosthetic treatment planning, and precise surgical execution. Bone preparation, in relation to the position, angle, and depth of the implant, is guided through computerized digital procedures and patient-specific surgical guides are developed to obtain the optimum result of the insertion of implants in predetermined, prosthetically acceptable positions. In color throughout, Clinical Application of Computer-Guided Implant Surgery covers the practical application of CGIP in a simple but detailed manner. Step by step, the book guides you on diagnosis and treatment planning, applying the specialized software, and using the necessary instruments and surgical guides. It also explores the strengths and weaknesses of CGIP and discusses literature related to the accuracy and clinical relevance of CGIP. Using numerous images from clinical cases, this color book helps you understand the treatment pathway, radiographic guides, virtual teeth, imaging techniques, and computer software used for CGIP. The authors—experts in periodontics and image-guided surgery—describe this new philosophy in a way that you can incorporate in your daily clinical practice.

This book presents the latest research advances in the theory, design, control, and application of robot systems intended for a variety of purposes such as manipulation, manufacturing, automation, surgery, locomotion, and biomechanics. Several chapters deal with fundamental kinematics in nature, including synthesis, calibration, redundancy, force control, dexterity, inverse and forward kinematics, kinematic singularities, and over-constrained systems. This book is a compilation of the extended versions of the very best papers selected from the many that were presented at the Asian Conference on Computer-Aided Surgery held September 16–18, 2013, in Tokyo, Japan (ACCAS 2013).