Copperopolis Landscapes Of The Early Industrial Period In Swansea

Dadansoddiad darluniadol o dirlun diwydiannol ardal Abertawe yn adlewyrchu dylanwad hanes a datblygiad y diwydiant copr ar fywyd cymdeithasol ac economaidd, addysgol a chrefyddol y fro yn ystod y 18fed a'r 19eg ganrif. Dros 300 o luniau du-a-gwyn. -- Cyngor Llyfrau Cymru

Over about 200 years, up until the 1930s, the open valley of the River Tawe became one of the most heavily industrialised areas of the developed world. The 'Holy Grail' which lay beneath the lands of Graig Trewyddfa, in Swansea, locally known as the 'Great Penvilia Five Foot Vein', was renowned for its quality; smelting metals, at the time, required more than three parts of coal to every one of metal ore, so this was of major economic benefit. Mining the Penvilian coal brought about its own problems - use of child labour, serious accidents, flooding and explosions. It became apparent in the mid-1880s that it was cheaper to smelt ores at the source, rather than ship them to Swansea; this led to the gradual cessation of copper smelting and closing of most coal mines in the Swansea area.

The first book to detail the global impact of copper production in Swansea, Wales, and how a major technological shift transformed the British Isles into the world's most dynamic center of copper smelting. Eighteenth-century Swansea, Wales, was to copper what nineteenth-century Manchester was to cotton or twentieth-century Detroit to the automobile. Beginning around 1700, Swansea became the place where a revolutionary new method of smelting copper, later christened the Welsh Process, flourished. Using mineral coal as a source of energy, Swansea's smelters were able to produce copper in volumes that were quite unthinkable in the old, established smelting centers of central Europe and Scandinavia. After some tentative first steps, the Swansea district became a smelting center of European, then global, importance. Between the 1770s and the 1840s, the Swansea district routinely produced one-third of the world's smelted copper, sometimes more. In Swansea Copper, Chris Evans and Louise Miskell trace the history of copper making in Britain from the late seventeenth century, when the Welsh Process transformed Britain's copper industry, to the 1890s, when Swansea's reign as the dominant player in the world copper trade entered an absolute decline. Moving backward and forward in time, Evans and Miskell begin by examining the place of copper in baroque Europe, surveying the productive landscape into which Swansea Copper erupted and detailing the means by which it did so. They explain how Swansea copper achieved global dominance in the years between the Seven Years' War and Waterloo, explore new commercial regulations that allowed the importation to Britain of copper ore from around the world, and connect the rise of the copper trade to the rise of the transatlantic slave trade. They also examine the competing rise of the post–Civil War US copper industry. Whereas many contributions to global history focus on high-end consumer goods—Chinese ceramics, Indian cottons, and the like—Swansea Copper examines a producer good, a metal that played a key role in supporting new technologies of the industrial age, like steam power and electricity. Deftly showing how deeply mineral history is ingrained in the history of the modern world, Evans and Miskell present new research not just on Swansea itself but on the places its copper industry affected: mining towns in Cuba, Chile, southern Africa, and South Australia. This insightful book will be of interest to anyone concerned with the historical roots of globalization and the Industrial Revolution as a global phenomenon.

This is the first full-length study of Swansea’s urban development from the late eighteenth to the late nineteenth century. It tells the little known story of how Swansea gained an unrivalled position of influence as an urban centre, which led it briefly to claim to be the ‘metropolis of Wales’, and how it then lost this status in the face of rapid urban development elsewhere in Wales. As such it provides an important new perspective on Welsh urban history in which the role of Cardiff, Merthyr Tydfil and even Bristol are better known as towns of influence in Welsh urban life. It also offers an analysis of how Swansea’s experience of urbanisation fits into the wider picture of British urban history.

Resorts and Ports draws together a group of case-studies which for the first time explore the changing relationships between port and resort activities in a cross-section of European maritime settings over three centuries. The book will interest academics in tourism studies, history, geography and cultural studies, as well as providing essential information and analysis for policy makers in coastal regeneration.

The presentation and representation of the environment occurs throughout academia and across all news media. The strict protocols of science often clash with environmental information available from sources that dwell on subjective aesthetic, emotional and personal sensitivities. This book challenge the reader, as student, teacher, researcher or policy maker, to reflect critically on the ways that environments are studied, interpreted, presented and represented, in education and public policy.

This volume is based on a session at a 2005 Society for Historical Archaeology meeting. The organizers assembled historical archaeologists from the UK and the US, whose work arises out of differing intellectual traditions. The authors exchange ideas about what their colleagues have written, and construct dialogues about theories and practices that inform interpretive archaeology on either side of the Atlantic, ending with commentary by two well-known names in interpretive archaeology.