Coupled Data Communication Techniques For High Performance And Low Power Computing

Wafer-scale integration has long been the dream of system designers. Instead of chopping a wafer into a few hundred or a few thousand chips, one would just connect the circuits on the entire wafer. What an enormous capability wafer-scale integration would offer: all those millions of circuits connected by high-speed on-chip wires. Unfortunately, the best known optical systems can provide suitably ?ne resolution only over an area much smaller than a whole wafer. There is no known way to pattern a whole wafer with transistors and wires small enough for modern circuits. Statistical defects present a ?rmer barrier to wafer-scale integration. Flaws appear regularly in integrated circuits; the larger the circuit area, the more probable there is a ?aw. If such ?aws were the result only of dust one might reduce their numbers, but ?aws are also the inevitable result of small scale. Each feature on a modern integrated circuit is carved out by only a small number of photons in the lithographic process. Each transistor gets its electrical properties from only a small number of impurity atoms in its tiny area. Inevitably, the quantized nature of light and the atomic nature of matter produce statistical variations in both the number of photons de?ning each tiny shape and the number of atoms providing the electrical behavior of tiny transistors. No known way exists to eliminate such statistical variation, nor may any be possible.

Wafer-scale integration has long been the dream of system designers. Instead of chopping a wafer into a few hundred or a few thousand chips, one would just connect the circuits on the entire wafer. What an enormous capability wafer-scale integration would offer: all those millions of circuits connected by high-speed on-chip wires. Unfortunately, the best known optical systems can provide suitably ?ne resolution only over an area much smaller than a whole wafer. There is no known way to pattern a whole wafer with transistors and wires small enough for modern circuits. Statistical defects present a ?rmer barrier to wafer-scale integration. Flaws appear regularly in integrated circuits; the larger the circuit area, the more probable there is a ?aw. If such ?aws were the result only of dust one might reduce their numbers, but ?aws are also the inevitable result of small scale. Each feature on a modern integrated circuit is carved out by only a small number of photons in the lithographic process. Each transistor gets its electrical properties from only a small number of impurity atoms in its tiny area. Inevitably, the quantized nature of light and the atomic nature of matter produce statistical variations in both the number of photons de?ning each tiny shape and the number of atoms providing the electrical behavior of tiny transistors. No known way exists to eliminate such statistical variation, nor may any be possible.

Over the past decade, system-on-chip (SoC) designs have evolved to address the ever increasing complexity of applications, fueled by the era of digital convergence. Improvements in process technology have effectively shrunk board-level components so they can be integrated on a single chip. New on-chip communication architectures have been designed to support all inter-component communication in a SoC design. These communication architecture fabrics have a critical impact on the power consumption, performance, cost and design cycle time of modern SoC designs. As application complexity strains the communication backbone of SoC designs, academic and industrial R&D efforts and dollars are increasingly focused on communication architecture design. On-Chip Communication Architecures is a comprehensive reference on concepts, research and trends in on-chip communication architecture design. It will provide readers with a comprehensive survey, not available elsewhere, of all current standards for on-chip communication architectures. A definitive guide to on-chip communication architectures, explaining key concepts, surveying research efforts and predicting future trends Detailed analysis of all popular standards for on-chip communication architectures Comprehensive survey of all research on communication architectures, covering a wide range of topics relevant to this area, spanning the past several years, and up to date with the most current research efforts Future trends that with have a significant impact on research and design of communication architectures over the next several years

Silicon photonics is beginning to play an important role in driving innovations in communication and computation for an increasing number of applications, from health care and biomedical sensors to autonomous driving, datacenter networking, and security. In recent years, there has been a significant amount of effort in industry and academia to innovate, design, develop, analyze, optimize, and fabricate systems employing silicon photonics, shaping the future of not only Datacom and telecom technology but also high-performance computing and emerging computing paradigms, such as optical computing and artificial intelligence. Different from existing books in this area, Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a comprehensive overview of the current state-of-the-art technology and research achievements in applying silicon photonics for communication and computation. It focuses on various design, development, and integration challenges, reviews the latest advances spanning materials, devices, circuits, systems, and applications. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Requirements and the latest advances in high-performance computing systems • Device- and system-level challenges and latest improvements to deploy silicon photonics in computing systems • Novel design solutions and design automation techniques for silicon photonic integrated circuits • Novel materials, devices, and photonic integrated circuits on silicon • Emerging computing technologies and applications based on silicon photonics Silicon Photonics for High-Performance Computing and Beyond presents a compilation of 19 outstanding contributions from academic and industry pioneers in the field. The selected contributions present insightful discussions and innovative approaches to understand current and future bottlenecks in high-performance computing systems and traditional computing platforms, and the promise of silicon photonics to address those challenges. It is ideal for researchers and engineers working in the photonics, electrical, and computer engineering industries as well as academic researchers and graduate students (M.S. and Ph.D.) in computer science and engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, applied physics, photonics, and optics.

This book discusses single-channel, device-to-device communication in the Internet of Things (IoT) at the signal encoding level and introduces a new family of encoding techniques that result in significant simplifications of the communication circuitry. These simplifications translate into lower power consumption, smaller form factors, and dynamic data rates that are tolerant to clock discrepancies between transmitter and receiver. Readers will be introduced to signal encoding that uses edge-coded signaling, based on the coding of binary data as counts of transmitted pulses. The authors fully explore the far-reaching implications of these novel signal-encoding techniques and illustrate how their usage can help minimize the need for complex circuitries for either clock and data recovery or duty-cycle correction. They also provide a detailed description of a complete ecosystem of hardware and firmware built around edge-code signaling. The ecosystem comprises an application-specific processor, automatic protocol configuration, power and data rate management, cryptographic primitives, and automatic failure recovery modes. The innovative IoT communication link and its associated ecosystem are fully in line with the standard IoT requirements on power, footprint, security, robustness, and reliability.

P2P, Grid, Cloud and Internet computing technologies have been very fast established as breakthrough paradigms for solving complex problems by enabling aggregation and sharing of an increasing variety of distributed computational resources at large scale. The aim of this volume is to provide latest research findings, innovative research results, methods and development techniques from both theoretical and practical perspectives related to P2P, Grid, Cloud and Internet computing as well as to reveal synergies among such large scale computing paradigms. This proceedings volume presents the results of the 11th International Conference on P2P, Parallel, Grid, Cloud And Internet Computing (3PGCIC-2016), held November 5-7, 2016, at Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Korea

This research scholarly illustrated book has more than 250 illustrations. The simple models of supervised machine learning with Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Naïve Bayes, decision trees, classification rule learners, linear regression, logistic regression, local polynomial regression, regression trees, model trees, K-nearest neighbors, and support vector machines lay a more excellent foundation for statistics. The author of the book Dr. Ganapathi Pulipaka, a top influencer of machine learning in the US, has created this as a reference book for universities. This book contains an incredible foundation for machine learning and engineering beyond a compact manual. The author goes to extraordinary lengths to make academic machine learning and deep learning literature comprehensible to create a new body of knowledge. The book aims at readership from university students, enterprises, data science beginners, machine learning and deep learning engineers at scale for high-performance computing environments. A Greater Foundation of Machine Learning Engineering covers a broad range of classical linear algebra and calculus with program implementations in PyTorch, TensorFlow, R, and Python with in-depth coverage. The author does not hesitate to go into math equations for each algorithm at length that usually many foundational machine learning books lack leveraging the JupyterLab environment. Newcomers can leverage the book from University or people from all walks of data science or software lives to the advanced practitioners of machine learning and deep learning. Though the book title suggests machine learning, there are several implementations of deep learning algorithms, including deep reinforcement learning. The book's mission is to help build a strong foundation for machine learning and deep learning engineers with all the algorithms, processors to train and deploy into production for enterprise-wide machine learning implementations. This book also introduces all the concepts of natural language processing required for machine learning algorithms in Python. The book covers Bayesian statistics without assuming high-level mathematics or statistics experience from the readers. It delivers the core concepts and implementations required with R code with open datasets. The book also covers unsupervised machine learning algorithms with association rules and k-means clustering, metal-learning algorithms, bagging, boosting, random forests, and ensemble methods. The book delves into the origins of deep learning in a scholarly way covering neural networks, restricted Boltzmann machines, deep belief networks, autoencoders, deep Boltzmann machines, LSTM, and natural language processing techniques with deep learning algorithms and math equations. It leverages the NLTK library of Python with PyTorch, Python, and TensorFlow's installation steps, then demonstrates how to build neural networks with TensorFlow. Deploying machine learning algorithms require a blend of cloud computing platforms, SQL databases, and NoSQL databases. Any data scientist with a statistics background that looks to transition into a machine learning engineer role requires an in-depth understanding of machine learning project implementations on Amazon, Google, or Microsoft Azure cloud computing platforms. The book provides real-world client projects for understanding the complete implementation of machine learning algorithms. This book is a marvel that does not leave any application of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. It sets a more excellent foundation for newcomers and expands the horizons for experienced deep learning practitioners. It is almost inevitable that there will be a series of more advanced algorithms follow-up books from the author in some shape or form after setting such a perfect foundation for machine learning engineering.