Covid 19 2

Scientific literature on SARS-COV-2 viruses and its variants (especially variants of concern such as the ‘Delta variant’) and important cellular targets is crucial to help researchers, virologists and clinicians around the globe to develop a new generation of safer and more effective vaccines, and other treatments to address COVID-19 disease. The accompanying damage to the many organs and tissues of SARS-Co-2-infected people also needs to be understood and researchers are using data to devise meaningful protocols for treating these symptoms. This second volume of Coronaviruses brings together more useful information about the prevention/vaccination, and chemotherapies for the potential treatment of coronavirus infections. The volume includes eight chapters: (1) Broad spectrum antivirals to combat COVID-19 The reality and challenges, (2) COVID-19: Preventive and protective control management strategies, (3) Plant-derived extracts and bioactive compounds against coronavirus progression: preventive effects, mechanistic aspects, and structures, (4) Gastroenteritis: symptoms and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, (5) The chronicles of coronavirus: A Chinese king who conquered the entire world, (6) Traditional medicine as a natural remedy in ARDS & COVID-19, (7) Molecular pathogenesis of human coronaviruses of the 21st century, (8) COVID-19, mental health and neuropathophysiology of pain related to temporomandibular disorder. The volume serves as a novel compilation of key data on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and represents a resource of the utmost value for all scholars studying SARS-CoV infections. It should also be of great interest to clinicians who may be facing an overwhelming number of individuals affected with COVID-19, with over 267 million global cases documented as of the first week of December 2021).

The aim of this book is to present new computational techniques and methodologies for the analysis of the clinical, epidemiological and public health aspects of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pandemic. The book presents the use of soft computing techniques such as machine learning algorithms for analysis of the epidemiological aspects of the SARS-CoV-2. This book clearly explains novel computational image processing algorithms for the detection of COVID-19 lesions in lung CT and X-ray images. It explores various computational methods for computerized analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection including severity assessment. The book provides a detailed description of the algorithms which can potentially aid in mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 infected cases. Finally the book also explains the conventional epidemiological models and machine learning techniques for the prediction of the course of the COVID-19 epidemic. It also provides real life examples through case studies. The book is intended for biomedical engineers, mathematicians, postgraduate students; researchers; medical scientists working on identifying and tracking infectious diseases.

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented challenges to the nation's K-12 education system. The rush to slow the spread of the virus led to closures of schools across the country, with little time to ensure continuity of instruction or to create a framework for deciding when and how to reopen schools. States, districts, and schools are now grappling with the complex and high-stakes questions of whether to reopen school buildings and how to operate them safely if they do reopen. These decisions need to be informed by the most up-to-date evidence about the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19; about the impacts of school closures on students and families; and about the complexities of operating school buildings as the pandemic persists. Reopening K-12 Schools During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Prioritizing Health, Equity, and Communities provides guidance on the reopening and operation of elementary and secondary schools for the 2020-2021 school year. The recommendations of this report are designed to help districts and schools successfully navigate the complex decisions around reopening school buildings, keeping them open, and operating them safely.

The current COVID-19 pandemic has infected more than 219 million people and killed more than 4.5 million people worldwide. It has also impacted the socioeconomic status of affected countries and led to the fastest development of vaccines in history. Over seven sections and seventeen chapters, this book comprehensively reviews numerous aspects of COVID-19, including epidemiology, zoonosis, drug development, telehealth, the effects of the virus on healthcare workers, the importance of architecture, and urbanism in preventing future pandemics, and much more.

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has probably been the most important disease to emerge in the 21st century. This viral zoonotic disease has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, but with a higher impact in low- and middle-income countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Up to December 4, 2022, more than 645,195,564 cases had been reported globally, with 6,640,845 deaths, and more than 13,054,668,703 doses of a vaccine had been given. Research has been of the utmost importance in the COVID-19 crisis: a great deal of knowledge was gathered between December 2019 and December 2022. Appropriate evidence-based management and the development of safe and effective vaccines have been key to controlling the virus. This book presents a selection of the last two years’ learning from research and clinical practice concerning SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.

This book is useful for administrators of different levels involved in counteracting COVID-19, surveillance professionals, clinicians, researchers specializing in epidemiology, microbiology, and infectious diseases, and politicians / legislators engaged in public health sector. We use an innovative approach of combining both epidemiological and sociological analyses, as the very problem is mainly an issue of correct governance. A team of authors from Europe, Russia and China summarizes their experience and knowledge useful for containing SARS-CoV-2 and overcoming social and managerial consequences of the pandemic. The editors are sure that sharing our different experience would help to elaborate necessary strategies, protocols, and principles that may be effectively applied in the future to avoid dramatic consequences of not only COVID-19 but also any possible epidemiological hazards for people and medicine.

Scientific literature on SARS-COV-2 viruses and its variants (especially variants of concern such as the 'Delta variant') and important cellular targets is crucial to help researchers, epidemiologists, virologists and clinicians around the globe to develop a new generation of safer and more effective vaccines, and other treatments to address COVID-19 disease. The accompanying damage to the many organs and tissues of SARS-Co-2-infected people also needs to be understood and researchers are using data to devise meaningful protocols for treating these symptoms. This second volume of Coronaviruses brings together more useful information about the prevention, vaccination, and chemotherapies for the potential treatment of coronavirus infections. The volume includes eight chapters: (1) Broad spectrum antivirals to combat COVID-19 The reality and challenges, (2) COVID-19: Preventive and protective control management strategies, (3) Plant-derived extracts and bioactive compounds against coronavirus progression: preventive effects, mechanistic aspects, and structures, (4) Gastroenteritis: symptoms and epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, (5) The chronicles of coronavirus: A Chinese king who conquered the entire world, (6) Traditional medicine as a natural remedy in ARDS & COVID-19, (7) Molecular pathogenesis of human coronaviruses of the 21st century, (8) COVID-19, mental health and neuropathophysiology of pain related to temporomandibular disorder. The volume serves as a novel compilation of key data on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 and represents a resource of the utmost value for all scholars studying SARS-CoV infections. It should also be of great interest to clinicians who may be facing an overwhelming number of individuals affected with COVID-19, with over 267 million global cases documented as of the first week of December 2021).

The ‘novel coronavirus disease’ (COVID-19) has caused significant global morbidity, mortality and economic damage on a scale similar to the influenza pandemic of 1918. The causative ‘severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2’ (SARS-CoV-2) is a RNA virus which is evolving rapidly, accumulating mutations, and existing as a cloud of variants with quasispecies diversity. We have tens of thousands of variants, of which currently two are ‘variants of interest’ (Lambda, Mu) and another four ‘variants of concern’ (Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron) to the World Health Organization (WHO). Variants of interest often emerge as variants under investigation in one or more countries, as seen with the Omicron (initially denoted as Nu in South Africa). They become variants of concern when there is evidence of increased transmissibility, greater case severity, loss of neutralization by antibodies, and reduced effectiveness of countermeasures. Some SARS-CoV-2 variants can infect new hosts (for instance, the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of concern can infect wild type mice which is a species that cannot be vaccinated or controlled easily), and/or reduce the effectiveness of vaccines and therapies (especially Beta and Delta); diagnostic tests have also been reported to be affected. Currently, we do not yet have any ‘variant of high consequence’ with confirmed attributes such as widespread diagnostic test failures, significant reduction in the effectiveness of vaccines and/or therapies, with greater disease severity and deaths. It remains to be seen if Omicron would be the first to be declared by the WHO as a variant of high consequence; more variants of concern are also likely to be declared by the WHO over the next couple of years. Therefore, our ability to control and conquer this pandemic over the long run is dependent on predicting and keeping up with the evolution of this virus, its new hosts, as well as understanding and mitigating its impact on diagnostics, vaccines and therapies.