Cryptography In Constant Parallel Time

Locally computable (NC0) functions are "simple" functions for which every bit of the output can be computed by reading a small number of bits of their input. The study of locally computable cryptography attempts to construct cryptographic functions that achieve this strong notion of simplicity and simultaneously provide a high level of security. Such constructions are highly parallelizable and they can be realized by Boolean circuits of constant depth. This book establishes, for the first time, the possibility of local implementations for many basic cryptographic primitives such as one-way functions, pseudorandom generators, encryption schemes and digital signatures. It also extends these results to other stronger notions of locality, and addresses a wide variety of fundamental questions about local cryptography. The author's related thesis was honorably mentioned (runner-up) for the ACM Dissertation Award in 2007, and this book includes some expanded sections and proofs, and notes on recent developments. The book assumes only a minimal background in computational complexity and cryptography and is therefore suitable for graduate students or researchers in related areas who are interested in parallel cryptography. It also introduces general techniques and tools which are likely to interest experts in the area.

This is a graduate textbook of advanced tutorials on the theory of cryptography and computational complexity. In particular, the chapters explain aspects of garbled circuits, public-key cryptography, pseudorandom functions, one-way functions, homomorphic encryption, the simulation proof technique, and the complexity of differential privacy. Most chapters progress methodically through motivations, foundations, definitions, major results, issues surrounding feasibility, surveys of recent developments, and suggestions for further study. This book honors Professor Oded Goldreich, a pioneering scientist, educator, and mentor. Oded was instrumental in laying down the foundations of cryptography, and he inspired the contributing authors, Benny Applebaum, Boaz Barak, Andrej Bogdanov, Iftach Haitner, Shai Halevi, Yehuda Lindell, Alon Rosen, and Salil Vadhan, themselves leading researchers on the theory of cryptography and computational complexity. The book is appropriate for graduate tutorials and seminars, and for self-study by experienced researchers, assuming prior knowledge of the theory of cryptography.

Conference on Cryptologic Research, CRYPTO 2020, which was held during August 17–21, 2020. Crypto has traditionally been held at UCSB every year, but due to the COVID-19 pandemic it will be an online event in 2020. The 85 papers presented in the proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 371 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: Security Models; Symmetric and Real World Cryptography; Hardware Security and Leakage Resilience; Outsourced encryption; Constructions. Part II: Public Key Cryptanalysis; Lattice Algorithms and Cryptanalysis; Lattice-based and Post Quantum Cryptography; Multi-Party Computation. Part III: Multi-Party Computation; Secret Sharing; Cryptanalysis; Delay functions; Zero Knowledge.

The two-volume proceedings LNCS 9665 + 9666 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 35th Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, EUROCRYPT 2016, held in Vienna, Austria, in May 2016. The 62 full papers included in these volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 274 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: (pseudo)randomness; LPN/LWE; cryptanalysis; masking; fully homomorphic encryption; number theory; hash functions; multilinear maps; message authentification codes; attacks on SSL/TLS; real-world protocols; robust designs; lattice reduction; latticed-based schemes; zero-knowledge; pseudorandom functions; multi-party computation; separations; protocols; round complexity; commitments; lattices; leakage; in differentiability; obfuscation; and automated analysis, functional encryption, and non-malleable codes.

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 10th Theory of Cryptography Conference, TCC 2013, held in Tokyo, Japan, in March 2013. The 36 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 98 submissions. The papers cover topics such as study of known paradigms, approaches, and techniques, directed towards their better understanding and utilization; discovery of new paradigms, approaches and techniques that overcome limitations of the existing ones; formulation and treatment of new cryptographic problems; study of notions of security and relations among them; modeling and analysis of cryptographic algorithms; and study of the complexity assumptions used in cryptography.

The three volume-set, LNCS 9814, LNCS 9815, and LNCS 9816, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 36th Annual International Cryptology Conference, CRYPTO 2016, held in Santa Barbara, CA, USA, in August 2016. The 70 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 274 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: provable security for symmetric cryptography; asymmetric cryptography and cryptanalysis; cryptography in theory and practice; compromised systems; symmetric cryptanalysis; algorithmic number theory; symmetric primitives; asymmetric cryptography; symmetric cryptography; cryptanalytic tools; hardware-oriented cryptography; secure computation and protocols; obfuscation; quantum techniques; spooky encryption; IBE, ABE, and functional encryption; automated tools and synthesis; zero knowledge; theory.

The two-volume set LNCS 8873 and 8874 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 20th International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptology and Information Security, ASIACRYPT 2014, held in Kaoshiung, Taiwan, in December 2014. The 55 revised full papers and two invited talks presented were carefully selected from 255 submissions. They are organized in topical sections on cryptology and coding theory; authenticated encryption; symmetric key cryptanalysis; side channel analysis; hyperelliptic curve cryptography; factoring and discrete log; cryptanalysis; signatures; zero knowledge; encryption schemes; outsourcing and delegation; obfuscation; homomorphic cryptography; secret sharing; block ciphers and passwords; black-box separation; composability; multi-party computation.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Cryptology in India, INDOCRYPT 2021, which was held in Jaipur, India, during December 12-15, 2021. The 27 full papers included in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: authenticated encryption; symmetric cryptography; lightweight cryptography; side-channel attacks; fault attacks; post-quantum cryptography; public key encryption and protocols; cryptographic constructions; blockchains.